Identification of putative enhancer-like elements predicts regulatory networks active in planarian adult stem cells.

Planarians have become an established model system to study regeneration and stem cells, but the regulatory elements in the genome remain almost entirely undescribed. Here, by integrating epigenetic and expression data we use multiple sources of evidence to predict enhancer elements active in the adult stem cell populations that drive regeneration. We have used ChIP-seq data to identify genomic regions with histone modifications consistent with enhancer activity, and ATAC-seq data to identify accessible chromatin.

Monitoring Chromatin Regulation in Planarians Using Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Followed by Sequencing (ChIP-seq).

Planarians are an accessible model system to study animal regeneration and stem cells. Over the last two decades, new molecular techniques have provided us with powerful tools to understand whole-body regeneration and pluripotent adult stem cells specifically. We describe a method for performing Chromatin Immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) on planarian cells that relies on FACS to isolate different cell populations followed by immunoprecipitation and library preparation for next-generation sequencing.

Demographics of Surgical Specialty Residency Program Directors in the United States: A Cross-sectional Analysis.

Objective: To evaluate program director (PD) demographics, training background, and academic productivity in 11 surgical specialties.

Summary Background Data: There is currently no comprehensive study comparing educational background, research output, and gender differences between PDs of surgical residencies in the United States.

Methods: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) websites were used to identify residency PDs.

Ongoing repair of migration-coupled DNA damage allows planarian adult stem cells to reach wound sites.

Mechanical stress during cell migration may be a previously unappreciated source of genome instability, but the extent to which this happens in any animal in vivo remains unknown. We consider an in vivo system where the adult stem cells of planarian flatworms are required to migrate to a distal wound site. We observe a relationship between adult stem cell migration and ongoing DNA damage and repair during tissue regeneration.

Transthoracic Needle Biopsy of Pulmonary Nodules: Meteorological Conditions and the Risk of Pneumothorax and Chest Tube Placement.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate whether meteorological variables influence rates of pneumothorax and chest tube placement after percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (PTNB) of pulmonary nodules. A retrospective review of 338 consecutive PTNBs of pulmonary nodules at a single institution was performed. All procedures implemented a coaxial approach, using a 19-gauge outer guide needle for access and a 20-gauge core biopsy gun with or without a small-gauge aspiration needle for tissue sampling.

Planarian flatworms as a new model system for understanding the epigenetic regulation of stem cell pluripotency and differentiation.

Planarian flatworms possess pluripotent stem cells (neoblasts) that are able to differentiate into all cell types that constitute the adult body plan. Consequently, planarians possess remarkable regenerative capabilities. Transcriptomic studies have revealed that gene expression is coordinated to maintain neoblast pluripotency, and ensure correct lineage specification during differentiation.

Updates on MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound for Symptomatic Uterine Fibroids.

Magnetic-resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS), also called high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is an effective, noninvasive uterine-preserving treatment for symptomatic uterine fibroids. As the use of this therapeutic modality is not yet widespread, it may remain unfamiliar to many interventional radiologists. The purpose of this review is to discuss MRgFUS, including technology, patient selection, technique, outcomes, complications, and recent data on fertility and comparative effectiveness.

Post-procedural Care in Interventional Radiology: What Every Interventional Radiologist Should Know-Part II: Catheter Care and Management of Common Systemic Post-procedural Complications.

Interventional radiology (IR) has evolved into a full-fledged clinical specialty with attendant comprehensive patient care responsibilities. Providing excellent and thorough clinical care is as essential to the practice of IR as achieving technical success in procedures. Basic clinical skills that every interventional radiologist should learn include routine management of percutaneously inserted drainage and vascular catheters and rapid effective management of common systemic post-procedural complications.

Post-procedural Care in Interventional Radiology: What Every Interventional Radiologist Should Know-Part I: Standard Post-procedural Instructions and Follow-Up Care.

Interventional radiology (IR) has evolved into a full-fledged clinical specialty with attendant patient care responsibilities. Success in IR now requires development of a full clinical practice, including consultations, inpatient admitting privileges, and an outpatient clinic. In addition to technical excellence and innovation, maintaining a comprehensive practice is imperative for interventional radiologists to compete successfully for patients and referral bases.

Routine Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Totally Implantable Venous Access Device Placement: Meta-Analysis of 2,154 Patients.

Purpose: To provide a meta-analysis of currently available literature on the topic of antibiotic prophylaxis for totally implanted venous access device (TIVAD) placement.

Materials And Methods: A systematic review of MEDLINE/PubMed was performed to identify studies that met Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria reviewing antibiotic prophylaxis in TIVAD placement. Four studies were identified that met criteria.

Frequency map for the human cochlear spiral ganglion: implications for cochlear implants.

The goals of this study were to derive a frequency-position function for the human cochlear spiral ganglion (SG) to correlate represented frequency along the organ of Corti (OC) to location along the SG, to determine the range of individual variability, and to calculate an "average" frequency map (based on the trajectories of the dendrites of the SG cells). For both OC and SG frequency maps, a potentially important limitation is that accurate estimates of cochlear place frequency based upon the Greenwood function require knowledge of the total OC or SG length, which cannot be determined in most temporal bone and imaging studies. Therefore, an additional goal of this study was to evaluate a simple metric, basal coil diameter that might be utilized to estimate OC and SG length.

A frequency-position function for the human cochlear spiral ganglion.

Greenwood's frequency-position function for the organ of Corti (OC) is commonly used to estimate represented frequencies for cochlear implant (CI) electrodes, both in temporal bone studies and in imaging studies of living CI recipients. However, many contemporary CIs position stimulating electrodes near the modiolus, directly targeting the spiral ganglion (SG) cells within Rosenthal's canal. At the extreme base and apex, the SG does not extend as far as the OC, and the radial nerve fibers take a tangential course into the modiolus resulting in a potential offset between the frequency maps of the OC and SG.