Publications by authors named "Divya Shinde"
Eilat (EILV)/chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an insect-based chimeric alphavirus was previously reported to protect mice months after a single dose vaccination. The underlying mechanisms of host protection are not clearly defined. Here, we assessed the capacity of EILV/CHIKV to induce quick and durable protection in cynomolgus macaques.
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- Recent yellow fever outbreaks in Brazil were linked to mosquito transmission but showed no human outbreaks due to a lack of vaccination and presence of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.
- The study tested if immunity from dengue and Zika viruses impacts yellow fever virus (YFV) spread in monkeys, finding that prior infections reduced YFV levels in the blood.
- These findings suggest that immunity from other flaviviruses might help prevent the amplification and spread of yellow fever in populations already exposed to dengue and Zika.
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- Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV) used to cause significant outbreaks in humans and horses but has become less virulent over time, raising questions about the reasons for this change and the potential for re-emergence of deadly strains.
- Researchers identified protocadherin 10 (PCDH10) as a key receptor for WEEV, which ancient strains could bind to, while contemporary strains show reduced binding abilities indicating a shift in the virus’s host adaptation.
- The study suggests that PCDH10 not only facilitates infection in neurons but also that a soluble form can protect against WEEV, offering insights for future medical treatments and risk assessments of the virus.
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- * Researchers studied the effects of pre-existing immunity from related viruses like dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) on YFV infection using a mouse model.
- * Findings indicate that immunity from DENV-2 and ZIKV can significantly reduce YFV levels in mice, mostly through humoral immune responses, suggesting a need to reevaluate YFV outbreak risks considering existing flavivirus immunity.
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- Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is causing increasing public health concerns, highlighting the need for effective vaccination strategies to prevent its associated symptoms and future outbreaks.
- Researchers studied a chimeric virus, Eilat (EILV)/CHIKV, which doesn’t replicate in vertebrates but has shown promise in inducing strong protective immunity in mice and now shows effective protection in cynomolgus macaques.
- The chimeric virus not only provided rapid protection against wild-type CHIKV infection but also triggered robust immune responses with no adverse reactions, suggesting it is a safe and effective vaccine for long-lasting protection.
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- Ilhéus virus (ILHV) is an arbovirus found in Central and South America and the Caribbean, first identified in 1944, with limited studies on its pathogenesis and vector competence.
- Researchers developed a murine model to study ILHV, demonstrating that it can cause severe neurological disease in mice, particularly in immunocompromised and age-specific groups.
- The virus was shown to replicate efficiently in various vertebrate and invertebrate cell lines, and studies suggest that certain mosquito species can effectively transmit ILHV, indicating a risk of the virus emerging in new regions.
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- Recent yellow fever outbreaks in Brazil were linked to spillover infections from wildlife, not human amplification, and the lack of yellow fever in Asia is puzzling.
- * Researchers tested if immunity from dengue and Zika viruses affects the transmission of yellow fever virus.
- * They found that prior immunity to dengue and Zika reduces yellow fever viremia in macaques, lowering the chance of mosquitoes spreading the virus and thus decreasing the risk of urban outbreaks.
Anosmia, a total or partial loss of the ability to smell, is one of the most frequently documented sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Persistent anosmia is associated with a decrease in quality of life. Here, we assess the impact of virus lineage and vaccination status on anosmia development in the golden Syrian hamster model.
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- Ilheus virus (ILHV) is a flavivirus carried by mosquitoes and found in Central and South America and the Caribbean, primarily affecting birds as its main host.
- Researchers analyzed ten strains of ILHV, finding significant conservation in the untranslated genomic regions, while the open reading frame showed considerable variation.
- The study establishes a basis for future ILHV research, focusing on transmission, disease potential, and risks of emergence.
The Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 has caused many breakthrough infections in fully vaccinated individuals. While vaccine status did not generally impact the number of viral RNA genome copies in nasopharyngeal swabs of breakthrough patients, as measured by Ct values, it has been previously found to decrease the infectious viral load in symptomatic patients. We quantified the viral RNA, infectious virus, and anti-spike IgA in nasopharyngeal swabs collected from individuals asymptomatically infected with the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFYellow fever virus (YFV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus circulating throughout the tropical and sub-tropical regions of Africa and South America. It is responsible for an estimated 30,000 deaths annually, and while there is a highly successful vaccine, coverage is incomplete, and there is no approved treatment for YFV infection. Despite advancements in the field, animal models for YFV infection remain scarce, and care must be taken to select an appropriate model for a given hypothesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrevious studies have shown that the adaptation of Indian Ocean lineage (IOL) chikungunya virus (CHIKV) strains for Aedes albopictus transmission was mediated by an E1-A226V substitution, followed by either a single substitution in E2 or synergistic substitutions in the E2 and E3 envelope glycoproteins. Here, we examined whether Asian lineage strains, including those that descended from the 2014 Caribbean introduction, are likely to acquire these A. albopictus-adaptive E2 substitutions.
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