Comparison of clinical indices with halitosis grading in chronic periodontitis: A randomized control trial.

Background: Oral malodor is a major periodontal complaint, but the best method for assessing the halitosis grade is still undefined. The primary objective of the study was to detect the halitosis grade in the exhaled breath using the three distinct techniques and to compare the readings with different clinical indices to find out the best method of halitosis grading.

Materials And Methods: A total of 90 patients with chronic periodontitis having oral malodor were included in the study.

Idiopathic Gingival Enlargement Causing Social Stigma.

Gingival enlargement can be multifactorial; it can be due to nutritional deficiency or can be because of several drugs. Poor oral hygiene may further worsen the gingival hyperplasia, because of which the patient may have difficulty in chewing the food, and the speech may get affected. It may end up in psychosocial stigma for the patient as the patient is even neglected by friends or relatives due to poor oral hygiene and horrifying look of gingival overgrowth.

Tumor necrosis factor gene polymorphism results in high TNF level in sepsis and septic shock.

Introduction: Systemic sepsis releases several cytokines among which tumor necrosis factor alfa (TNFα) has emerged as key cytokine causing septic shock. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) at positions -238, -308, -376 and +489 in the promoter region of TNF gene exhibit differential association to inflammation and increased TNF production in sepsis.

Materials And Methods: This research work was carried out in 278 critically ill patients and 115 controls.