Lateralisation of nasal cycle is not reflected in the olfactory bulb volumes and cerebral activations.

Nasal cycle (NC) is a rhythmic change of lateralised nasal airflow mediated by the autonomous nervous system. Previous studies reported the dependence of NC dominance or more patent side on handedness and hemispheric cerebral activity. We aimed to investigate firstly the possible lateralised effect of NC on olfactory bulb volume and secondly the association of NC with the lateralised cerebral dominance in terms of olfactory processing.

Functional connectivity patterns in parosmia.

Objective: Parosmia is a qualitative olfactory dysfunction presenting as "distorted odor perception" in presence of an odor source. Aim of this study was to use resting state functional connectivity to gain more information on the alteration of olfactory processing at the level of the central nervous system level.

Methods: A cross sectional study was performed in 145 patients with parosmia (age range 20-76 years; 90 women).

Inhalation-modulated detection of olfactory BOLD responses in the human brain.

Introduction: In contrast to other sensory domains, detection of primary olfactory processes using functional magnetic resonance imaging has proven to be notably challenging with conventional block designs. This difficulty arises from significant habituation and hemodynamic responses in olfactory areas that do not appear to align with extended boxcar functions convolved with a generic hemodynamic response model. Consequently, some researchers have advocated for a transition to event-related designs, despite their known lower detection power compared to block designs.

Exploring brain functional connectivity in patients with taste loss: a pilot study.

Purpose: In a previous neuroimaging study, patients with taste loss showed stronger activations in gustatory cortices compared to people with normal taste function during taste stimulations. The aim of the current study was to examine whether there are changes in central-nervous functional connectivity in patients with taste loss.

Methods: We selected 26 pairs of brain regions related to taste processing as our regions of interests (ROIs).

Neural Processing of Odors with Different Well-Being Associations-Findings from Two Consecutive Neuroimaging Studies.

Much is known about the effect of odors on mood, cognition and behavior, but little is known about the relationship between odors and well-being. We investigated the neural processing of odors with different degrees of association with well-being (WB) through two large independent datasets. The study encompassed pre-testing and fMRI.

Processing of Sweet, Astringent and Pungent Oral Stimuli in the Human Brain.

Taste and oral somatosensation are intimately related to each other from peripheral receptors to the central nervous system. Oral astringent sensation is thought to contain both gustatory and somatosensory components. In the present study, we compared the cerebral response to an astringent stimulus (tannin), with the response to one typical taste stimulus (sweet - sucrose) and one typical somatosensory stimulus (pungent - capsaicin) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of 24 healthy subjects.

Tractography indicates lateralized differences between trigeminal and olfactory pathways.

Odorous sensations are based on trigeminal and olfactory perceptions. Both trigeminal and olfactory stimuli generate overlapping as well as distinctive activations in the olfactory cortex including the piriform cortex. Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), an integrative center for all senses, is directly activated in the presence of olfactory stimulations.

Subtle Differences in Brain Architecture in Patients with Congenital Anosmia.

People suffering from congenital anosmia show normal brain architecture although they do not have functional sense of smell. Some studies in this regard point to the changes in secondary olfactory cortex, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), in terms of gray matter volume increase. However, diffusion tensor imaging has not been explored so far.

Advancement of PD Is Reflected by White Matter Changes in Olfactory Areas: A Pilot Study.

Loss of sense of smell is a well-known non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we present insight into the association between PD advancement and equivalents of smell loss in olfactory-eloquent brain areas, such as the posterior cortex and orbitofrontal cortex. Twelve PD patients in different Hoehn and Yahr stages and 12 healthy normosmic individuals were examined with diffusion tensor imaging.

When the Bone Flap Expands Like Bellows of Accordion: Feasibility Study Using Novel Technique of Expansile (Hinge) Craniotomy for Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

Background: Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is a rescue operation performed for reduction of intracranial pressure due to progressive brain swelling, mandating the need for cranioplasty.

Objective: To describe expansile craniotomy (EC) as a noninferior technique that may be effectively utilized in situations requiring standard DC.

Materials And Methods: A decision to perform DC or EC was taken by consecutively allocation to either of the procedures.

Olfactory Modulation of the Contingent Negative Variation to Auditory Stimuli.

Although pleasantness is intrinsically related to the perception of odors it is difficult to objectively assess odor-induced pleasantness. To evaluate the effects of odors of different valences on the contingent negative variation (CNV) in a younger and an older population. Data from 62 participants (27 men, 35 women) were included.

A novel technique for olfactory bulb measurements.

Background: To introduce new ways to calculate OB volumes, checking their validity and comparing them to already established technique i.e. OB volumetric based on manual segmentation of OB boundaries.

Global study of variability in olfactory sensitivity.

Variability in human olfactory sensitivity has been attributed to individual-level factors such as genetics, age, sex, medical history of infections and trauma, neurogenerative diseases, and emotional disorders. Scarce evidence exists on the cross-cultural variation in olfactory sensitivity. Hence, we performed 2 studies to estimate the variability in olfactory threshold as a function of location and environment.

Aberrancies of Brain Network Structures in Patients with Anosmia.

Patients with anosmia exhibit structural and functional brain abnormalities. The present study explored changes in brain white matter (WM) in non-neurodegenerative anosmia using diffusion-tensor-based network analysis. Twenty patients with anosmia and sixteen healthy controls were recruited in the cross-sectional, case-control study.

Brachial plexus injury and resting-state fMRI: Need for consensus.

Objective: The purpose of the study is to conduct the systematic review of literature available on resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) and brachial plexus injury.

Methods: We reviewed all the literature that are available on PubMed; keywords used were resting state, brachial plexus injury, and functional imaging. The reference papers listed were also reviewed.

Individual differences in trait anxiety are associated with gray matter alterations in hypothalamus: Preliminary neuroanatomical evidence.

Trait anxiety is particularly a prone phenotype for the development of anxiety disorders and depression. Studying the neural underpinnings of trait anxiety can further inform our understanding of the etiology of these disorders. To investigate the structural correlates of trait anxiety, high resolution structural images were acquired from 76 right-handed healthy participants and gray matter volumes were extracted from a priori regions of interest (ROIs) that were earlier implicated in anxiety like behaviour (i.