Publications by authors named "Diver W"

Introduction: Menthol-flavoured cigarettes remain unregulated in the USA and in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) despite their known impacts on smoking uptake and reduced cessation. Yet, evidence about whether menthol cigarettes are associated with higher disease risks than non-menthol cigarettes is inconclusive, and the industry has used this argument to lobby against regulation.

Methods: All-cause and cause-specific mortality risk was assessed according to baseline smoking status (current, former and never) and menthol flavour status (menthol and non-menthol) of the cigarette brand smoked for the longest period among 969 349 persons from Cancer Prevention Study-II, a population-based prospective cohort study enrolled in 1982-1983 with mortality follow-up of 6 years.

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  • The study assessed the impact of various air pollutants on metabolic changes in a large group of 1,096 women over the age of 65, utilizing blood samples collected between 1998 and 2001.
  • Significant associations were found between air pollutants such as particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide and 95 metabolites involved in processes like oxidative stress and inflammation, with 60 metabolites showing strong evidence linking them to air pollution.
  • This research confirms and expands upon previous studies by highlighting biological responses to long-term exposure to air pollution, utilizing a sophisticated analysis of pollutant mixtures.
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Background: Smoking cessation at any age has been shown to improve quality of life, decrease illness, and reduce mortality. About half of smokers attempt to quit each year, but only ∼ 7 % maintain long-term abstinence unaided. Few genetic factors have been consistently associated with smoking cessation, possibly due to poor phenotype definition.

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Background: Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. Most cases are sporadic, but well characterized germline alterations in , , , , , and predispose to medulloblastoma. However, knowledge about pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants that predispose to medulloblastoma vary based on genes evaluated, patient demographics, and pathogenicity definitions.

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  • - The study investigates the link between PFAS exposure and the development of prostate cancer in a large group of U.S. men, following mixed findings from previous research.
  • - Researchers analyzed serum samples from men diagnosed with prostate cancer and a random group without prior cancer, measuring levels of specific PFAS chemicals.
  • - Results indicated that higher PFAS levels (specifically PFHxS and PFOS) were associated with increased prostate cancer risk, particularly in men aged 70 and older, while no significant connections were found for other PFAS types or based on tumor characteristics.
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Background: A better understanding of lung cancer etiology and the development of screening biomarkers have important implications for lung cancer prevention.

Methods: We included 623 matched case-control pairs from the Cancer Prevention Study (CPS) cohorts. Pre-diagnosis blood samples were collected between 1998 and 2001 in the CPS-II Nutrition cohort and 2006 and 2013 in the CPS-3 cohort and were sent for metabolomics profiling simultaneously.

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  • Outdoor air pollution and particulate matter (PM) are known to cause lung cancer and may also be linked to different types of blood cancers, although research on specific subtypes is limited.
  • The study utilized data from the American Cancer Society to analyze the impact of various air pollutants on adult haematologic cancers, involving over 100,000 participants monitored from 1992 to 2017.
  • Findings indicated significant associations between higher concentrations of PM and certain cancers like mantle cell lymphoma, as well as links between nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide with specific lymphomas, suggesting previous research might have underestimated these pollutants' effects on blood cancers.
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Here, in a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study meta-analysis of kidney cancer (29,020 cases and 835,670 controls), we identified 63 susceptibility regions (50 novel) containing 108 independent risk loci. In analyses stratified by subtype, 52 regions (78 loci) were associated with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and 6 regions (7 loci) with papillary RCC. Notably, we report a variant common in African ancestry individuals ( rs7629500 ) in the 3' untranslated region of VHL, nearly tripling clear cell RCC risk (odds ratio 2.

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  • The study analyzed the age at lung cancer diagnosis and sex differences in individuals who never smoked, involving 33,793 participants from various regions including East Asia, the US, and the UK.
  • Results showed that in Chinese individuals, females were diagnosed at a younger age than males, with significant differences recorded in several locations, while patterns in other racial groups were inconsistent.
  • The findings suggest that there are notable sex differences in the age of diagnosis for lung cancer among non-smokers, highlighting the need for further research in this area.
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Background: Previous epidemiological studies found associations between exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and some cancer types. Many studies considered highly exposed populations, so relevance to less-exposed populations can be uncertain. Additionally, many studies considered only cancer site, not histology.

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Background: Multimorbidity is associated with premature mortality and excess health care costs. The burden of multimorbidity is highest among patients with cancer, yet trends and determinants of multimorbidity over time are poorly understood.

Methods: Via Medicare claims linked to Cancer Prevention Study II data, group-based trajectory modeling was used to compare National Cancer Institute comorbidity index score trends for cancer survivors and older adults without a cancer history.

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Nighttime light exposure may increase cancer risk by disrupting the circadian system. However, there is no well-established survey method for measuring ambient light. In the Cancer Prevention Study-3, 732 men and women answered a light survey based on seven environments.

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  • Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is a rare type of cancer that affects bones and soft tissues, caused by changes in chromosomes that lead to special proteins altering gene activity.
  • Scientists believe that variations in a specific part of the genome (6p25.1) might influence how this cancer develops by affecting gene expression.
  • They found that people with EwS often have longer DNA sequences at this spot, which enhance the cancer-fighting protein RREB1, leading to increased cell growth and division linked to the disease.
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Importance: The number of cancer survivors living in the US is projected to be 26.1 million by 2040. Cancer survivors may be at increased risk of bone fractures, but research is limited in several important ways.

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  • * The study analyzed data from over 10,000 NHL cases and used advanced statistical methods to find 17 significant genetic loci linked to NHL subtypes, including a new one at HHEX.
  • * Results show that while there is some shared genetic heritability among NHL subtypes, each subtype has unique genetic characteristics, with varying degrees of genetic correlation between them.
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Introduction: The role of individual risk factors in the rural‒urban mortality disparity is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of individual-level demographics and health behaviors on the association between rural residence and the risk of mortality.

Methods: Cancer Prevention Study-II participants provided updated addresses throughout the study period.

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Background: The risk of infection and severity of illness by SARS-CoV-2 infection is elevated for people who smoke cigarettes and may motivate quitting. Organic public conversations on Twitter about quitting smoking could provide insight into quitting motivations or behaviors associated with the pandemic.

Objective: This study explored key topics of conversation about quitting cigarette smoking and examined their trajectory during 2018-2020.

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Background: Cannabis use is increasing, including among smokers, an at-risk population for cancer. Research is equivocal on whether using cannabis inhibits quitting cigarettes. The current longitudinal study investigated associations between smoking cannabis and subsequently quitting cigarettes.

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Background: Pediatric cancers are the leading cause of death by disease in children despite improved survival rates overall. The contribution of germline genetic susceptibility to pediatric cancer survivors has not been extensively characterized. We assessed the frequency of pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants in 5451 long-term pediatric cancer survivors from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study.

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Although many loci have been associated with height in European ancestry populations, very few have been identified in African ancestry individuals. Furthermore, many of the known loci have yet to be generalized to and fine-mapped within a large-scale African ancestry sample. We performed sex-combined and sex-stratified meta-analyses in up to 52,764 individuals with height and genome-wide genotyping data from the African Ancestry Anthropometry Genetics Consortium (AAAGC).

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Background: Identifying risk factors for women at high risk of symptom-detected breast cancers that were missed by screening would enable targeting of enhanced screening regimens. To this end, we examined associations of breast cancer risk factors by mode of detection in screened women from the Cancer Prevention Study (CPS)-II Nutrition Cohort.

Methods: Among 77,206 women followed for a median of 14.

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Outdoor air pollution is a major contributor to the burden of disease worldwide. Most of the global population resides in places where air pollution levels, because of emissions from industry, power generation, transportation, and domestic burning, considerably exceed the World Health Organization's health-based air-quality guidelines. Outdoor air pollution poses an urgent worldwide public health challenge because it is ubiquitous and has numerous serious adverse human health effects, including cancer.

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Cadmium and lead are persistent environmental toxins that are known or probable carcinogens, based on evidence for causality for nonhematologic cancers. Associations of these metals with risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and multiple myeloma (MM) are unknown but biologically plausible. To examine the associations of circulating levels of lead and cadmium exposure with risk of B-cell NHL (B-NHL) and multiple myeloma, we conducted a nested case-control study among 299 incident B-cell NHLs and 76 MM cases within the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort (CPS-II NC).

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Persons of African ancestry (AA) have a twofold higher risk for multiple myeloma (MM) compared with persons of European ancestry (EA). Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) support a genetic contribution to MM etiology in individuals of EA. Little is known about genetic risk factors for MM in individuals of AA.

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