Association Between Vitamin D Deficiency and Recurrent Tonsillitis.

Background: Tonsillitis is defined as an inflammation of the tonsils characterized by signs of tonsillar erythema and exudates and recurrent tonsillitis is at least 7 episodes of acute tonsillitis in a year, or a minimum of 5 episodes in a year for 2 consecutive years, or at least 3 episodes in a year for 3 consecutive years. There are many research that have hypothesized the association of low level of Vitamin D and recurrent attacks of acute tonsillitis.

Methods: A single centre prospective, cross sectional analytical study was conducted from 2021 June to 2022 March in Department of ENT and Head and Neck surgery in Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital.

Distance of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve in Relation to Superior Parathyroid Gland During Thyroid Surgery.

Background: In thyroid surgery, it is essential to identify and preserve recurrent laryngeal nerve to avoid injury to the nerve which will lead to nerve paralysis or paresis. The meticulous dissection of recurrent laryngeal nerve is important for careful identification and preservation of the nerve to prevent post operative vocal cord paresis and hoarseness.

Methods: A single centre prospective, cross sectional study was conducted from May 2019 to January 2021 in Department of ENT and Head and Neck surgery in Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital.

Evaluation of Pain Following the Use of Scalpel versus Diathermy for Skin Incision in Ear, Nose, Throat and Head and Neck Surgeries.

Background: Many studies have shown the benefits of diathermy over scalpel for making skin incisions in terms of post operative pain and post operative analgesics requirement. The objective of the study is to compare the pain following incision by scalpel and diathermy for skin in ENT surgery.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, randomized study and compared early post operative pain and analgesics requirement in patients undergoing ENT and Head and Neck surgery in Department of ENT at Kathmandu Medical College from September 2016 to August 2017.