Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Dysphonia: A Comparison Between Narrow and Broad Terminology Systems.

Objective: In auditory-perceptual voice analysis, a multiparameter approach and a more reductionist approach may be compared with narrow and broad phonetic transcription and used interchangeably, depending on the purpose. The aim of this study was to investigate the perspectives of a translation of the terminology used in the multiparameter Danish Dysphonia Assessment (DDA) approach into the five-parameter GRBAS system.

Methods: Voice samples illustrating type and grade of the voice qualities included in DDA were rated by five speech language pathologists using the GRBAS system with the aim of estimating inter- and intrarater reliability.

Alcohol drinking, consumption patterns and breast cancer among Danish nurses: a cohort study.

Background: The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of alcohol intake and drinking pattern on the risk of breast cancer.

Methods: A total of 17 647 nurses were followed from 1993 until the end of 2001. At baseline participants completed a questionnaire on alcohol intake and other lifestyle-related factors.

[Do wine drinkers eat healthier than beer drinkers? A cross sectional study of 3(1/2) million purchases in Danish supermarkets--secondary publication].

In a cross sectional study based on information on the number, type of item and total charge of 3(1/2) million transactions over a period of 6 months in various supermarkets in Denmark we examined whether people who buy wine also buy healthier food items than those who buy beer. We found that wine buyers bought more olives, fruit and vegetables, poultry, cocking oil and low fat cheese, milk and meat than beer buyers who bought more ready cooked meals, sugar, cold cuts, chips, pork, butter or margarine, sausages, lamb and soft drinks than wine buyers.

[Alcohol consumption by middle-aged and elderly Danes from 1987 to 2003].

Introduction: The trend in alcohol consumption by middle-aged and elderly Danes has received little attention, but earlier studies indicated increased consumption. Social factors may influence the trend. Our objective was to investigate the trend in alcohol consumption by the middle-aged and elderly and inquire about significant trends among specific social subgroups.

Food buying habits of people who buy wine or beer: cross sectional study.

Objective: To investigate whether people who buy wine buy healthier food items than those who buy beer.

Design: Cross sectional study.

Setting: Supermarkets in Denmark.

Generalized additive models applied to analysis of the relation between amount and type of alcohol and all-cause mortality.

The J-shaped relation between alcohol intake and mortality is well established, whereas the nadir of the curve is not determined. Due to non-linearity of the relation, categorical alcohol variables have been used to model the relation. In Generalized Additive Models (GAM) non-linear relations can be modelled without the disadvantages of categorization and without assumptions regarding the functional form.

The influence of duration of follow-up on the association between alcohol and cause-specific mortality in a prospective cohort study.

Purpose: To investigate whether duration of follow-up influences the association between alcohol and cause-specific mortality in a prospective cohort study with only baseline assessment of alcohol intake.

Methods: In a cohort of 14,223 men and women participating in the first investigation of the Copenhagen City Heart Study between 1976 and 1978 and followed until 2001, we assessed whether the association between alcohol and mortality was modified by duration of follow-up. The 24 years of follow-up were divided into four intervals, and Cox survival analyses were conducted separately for these four succeeding 6-year periods of follow-up.

Intake of beer, wine and spirits and risk of heavy drinking and alcoholic cirrhosis.

Studies have suggested that wine drinkers are at lower risk of death than beer or spirit drinkers. The aim of this study is to examine whether the risk of becoming a heavy drinker or developing alcoholic cirrhosis differs among individuals who prefer different types of alcoholic beverages. In a longitudinal setting we found that both the risk of becoming a heavy or excessive drinker (above 14 and 21 drinks per week for women and above 21 and 35 drinks per week for men) and the risk of developing alcoholic cirrhosis depended on the individuals preference of wine, beer or spirits.

Alcohol intake, type of beverage, and risk of breast cancer in pre- and postmenopausal women.

Background: Most studies of the relation between alcohol consumption and breast cancer have shown a modestly increased risk, although the results are still conflicting.

Methods: The aim of this prospective population-based cohort study was to assess the influence of alcohol intake and type of beverage (beer, wine, or spirits) on breast cancer risk in relation to menopausal status. Among 13,074 women aged 20 to 91 years, we examined the relationship between breast cancer risk, total alcohol intake, and type of alcohol in relation to menopausal status.

Energy adjustment methods applied to alcohol analyses.

When alcohol consumption is related to outcome, associations between alcohol type and health outcomes may occur simply because of the ethanol in the beverage type. When one analyzes the consequences of consumption of beer, wine, and spirits, the total alcohol intake must therefore be taken into account. However, owing to the linear dependency between total alcohol intake and the alcohol content of each beverage type, the effects cannot be separated from each other or from the effect of ethanol.

Nonlinear relation between alcohol intake and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level: results from the Copenhagen City Heart Study.

Background: It has been suggested that the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the blood can be used as a marker of recent alcohol intake. However, before using HDL-C as a predictor of alcoholism, the relation between alcohol intake and HDL-C in the entire range of consumption must be explored. Most studies model the relation between alcohol intake and HDL-C linearly, although a threshold effect is expected.

[Cola as a possible cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism].

The consumption of carbonated beverage, especially cola, is increasing. We describe two cases of secondary hyperparathyroidism caused by a massive daily consumption of cola over many years and a low calcium intake.

[The relation between life style, socioeconomic factors, social networks and suboptimal self-assessed health].

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to assess the relation between these life-style factors and suboptimal self-reported health.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on a random sample of 12,040 men and women from Copenhagen, who had answered a questionnaire regarding smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, socio-economic status, social network, and self-perceived health.

Results: Smoking, high alcohol intake, and physical inactivity are strongly associated with a suboptimal self-reported health.

Lower risk for alcohol-induced cirrhosis in wine drinkers.

Although there is a well-known relationship between total alcohol intake and future risk for cirrhosis, other factors such as the type of alcohol consumed are sparsely studied. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of wine compared with other types of alcoholic beverages on risk for alcohol-induced cirrhosis. In 3 prospective studies, 30,630 participants from the Copenhagen area were followed-up for a total observation time of 417,325 person-years.