Expression of the mucin-like glycoprotein CD24 and its ligand siglec-10 in placentas with acute and post SARS-CoV-2 infection.

CD24 is a mucin-like glycoprotein expressed on trophoblast cells and endothelial tissue of first and third trimester placentas. As an immune suppressor, CD24 may contribute to maternal immune tolerance to the growing fetus. CD24 is known to interact with the sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglecs), specifically siglec-10.

PD-L1 expression and characterization of its carrier macrophages in placentas with acute and specifically post-SARS-CoV-2 infection.

At the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, uncertainties about the virus and its dangers during pregnancy caused great uncertainty and fear, especially among pregnant women. New data suggest an increased risk of obstetric complications, including maternal complications, preterm labor, intrauterine growth restriction, hypertensive disorders, stillbirths, gestational diabetes and risk, of neonatal developmental disorders. In addition, preeclampsia (PE)-like syndromes were also induced by severe COVID-19 infection.

Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis as a Benign Condition Mimicking Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Current Status, Knowledge Gaps and Rationale for the GRAMAREG Study (EUBREAST-15).

Background: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare, benign inflammatory breast condition often mistaken for inflammatory breast cancer and, therefore, requires a biopsy for accurate diagnosis. Although not cancerous, IGM can cause emotional distress because of severe pain and ensuing breast deformity. Differentiating IGM from other breast inflammations caused by infections is essential.

Deep Learning Based Automatic Fibroglandular Tissue Segmentation in Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging Screening.

In light of the global increase in breast cancer cases and the crucial importance of the density of fibroglandular tissue (FGT) in assessing risk and predicting the course of the disease, the accurate measurement of FGT emerges as a significant challenge in diagnostic imaging. The current study focuses on the automatic segmentation of breast glandular tissue in MRI scans using a deep learning model. The aim is to establish a solid foundation for the development of methods for the precise quantification of fibroglandular tissue.

The expression of TIM-3 and Gal-9 on macrophages and Hofbauer cells in the placenta of preeclampsia patients.

Preeclampsia is a disorder of pregnancy characterized by endothelial dysfunction, abnormal placentation, systemic inflammation, and altered immune reaction. The aim of this study was to investigate the immune checkpoint molecules TIM-3 and Gal-9 on macrophages and Hofbauer cells (HBC) in the placenta of preeclampsia patients. Immunohistochemistry and Immunofluorescence was used to characterize the expression of the macrophage markers CD68 and CD163, CK7 and the proteins TIM-3 and Gal-9 in the placentas of preeclampsia patients comparing it to the placentas of healthy pregnancies.

Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Locally Advanced and Metastatic Breast Cancer: Update 2024.

The Breast Committee of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie (German Gynecological Oncology Group, AGO) presents the 2024 update of the evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with locally advanced and metastatic breast cancer.

Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Early Breast Cancer: Update 2024.

Introduction: Each year the interdisciplinary AGO (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie, German Gynecological Oncology Group) Breast Committee on Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer provides updated state-of-the-art recommendations for early and metastatic breast cancer.

Methods: The updated evidence-based treatment recommendations for early and metastatic breast cancer have been released in March 2024.

Results And Conclusion: This paper concisely captures the updated recommendations for early breast cancer chapter by chapter.

CDK4/6 Inhibition - Therapy Sequences and the Quest to Find the Best Biomarkers - an Overview of Current Programs.

In recent years, new targeted therapies have been developed to treat patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) breast cancer. Some of these therapies have not just become the new therapy standard but also led to significantly longer overall survival rates. The cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) have become the therapeutic standard for first-line therapy.

Omission of Axillary Dissection Following Nodal Downstaging With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

Importance: Data on oncological outcomes after omission of axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in patients with breast cancer that downstages from node positive to negative with neoadjuvant chemotherapy are sparse. Additionally, the best axillary surgical staging technique in this scenario is unknown.

Objective: To investigate oncological outcomes after sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) with dual-tracer mapping or targeted axillary dissection (TAD), which combines SLNB with localization and retrieval of the clipped lymph node.

Radiotherapy statements of the 18th St. Gallen International Breast Cancer Consensus Conference-a German expert perspective.

Purpose: To summarize the radiotherapy-relevant statements of the 18th St. Gallen Breast Cancer Consensus Conference and interpret the findings in light of German guideline recommendations.

Methods: Statements and voting results from the 18th St.

Locoregional Therapy: From Mastectomy to Reconstruction, Targeted Surgery, and Ultra-Hypofractionated Radiotherapy.

Background: The past 3 decades have seen an unprecedented shift toward treatment de-escalation in surgical therapy of breast cancer.

Summary: Radical mastectomy has been replaced by breast-conserving and oncoplastic approaches in most patients, and full axillary lymph node dissection by less radical staging procedures, such as sentinel lymph node biopsy and targeted axillary dissection. Further, attempts have been made to spare healthy tissue while increasing the probability of removing the tumor with clear margins, thus improving cosmetic results and minimizing the risk of local recurrence.

Update Breast Cancer 2023 Part 2 - Advanced-Stage Breast Cancer.

In recent years, a number of new therapies have led to advances in the treatment of patients with advanced breast carcinoma. These substances are mainly CDK4/6 inhibitors and other substances that can overcome endocrine resistance, oral selective estrogen receptor degraders, antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), and PARP inhibitors. This review summarizes and evaluates the latest study results that have been published in recent months.

Update Breast Cancer 2023 Part 1 - Early Stage Breast Cancer.

With abemaciclib (monarchE study) and olaparib (OlympiA study) gaining approval in the adjuvant treatment setting, a significant change in the standard of care for patients with early stage breast cancer has been established for some time now. Accordingly, some diverse developments are slowly being transferred from the metastatic to the adjuvant treatment setting. Recently, there have also been positive reports of the NATALEE study.

AGO Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Locally Advanced and Metastatic Breast Cancer: Update 2023.

The Breast Committee of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie (German Gynecological Oncology Group, AGO) presents the 2023 update of the evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with locally advanced and metastatic breast cancer (mBC).

Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Early Breast Cancer: Update 2023.

Background: Each year the interdisciplinary Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie (AGO), German Gynecological Oncology Group Breast Committee on Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer provides updated state-of-the-art recommendations for early and metastatic breast cancer.

Summary: The updated evidence-based treatment recommendation for early and metastatic breast cancer has been released in March 2023.

Key Messages: This paper concisely captures the updated recommendations for early breast cancer chapter by chapter.

Treatment of Early Breast Cancer: The 18th St. Gallen International Breast Cancer Consensus Conference against the Background of Current German Treatment Recommendations.

This year's 18th St. Gallen (SG) consensus conference on the treatment of early breast cancer (SGBCC: St. Gallen International Breast Cancer Conference) focused on practice-oriented questions.

Update Breast Cancer 2023 Part 3 - Expert Opinions of Early Stage Breast Cancer Therapies.

The St. Gallen (SG) International Breast Cancer Conference is held every two years, previously in St. Gallen and now in Vienna.

Systemic Therapy of Premenopausal Patients with Early Stage Hormone Receptor-Positive, HER2-Negative Breast Cancer - Controversies and Standards in Healthcare.

In patients with existing ovarian function, there are some special aspects to adjuvant endocrine therapy in premenopausal patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative (HR pos./HER2 neg.) breast cancer.

Cytoplasmic Localization of Thyroid Hormone Receptor (TR) Alpha and Nuclear Expression of Its Isoform TRα2 Determine Survival in Breast Cancer in Opposite Ways.

The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the respective prognostic values of cytoplasmic and nuclear TRα, TRα1, and TRα2 expression in breast cancer (BC) tissue samples and correlate the results with clinico-pathological parameters. In 249 BC patients, the expression patterns of general TRα and the α1 and α2 isoforms were evaluated via immuno-histochemistry. Prognosis-determining aspects were calculated via univariate, as well as multivariate, analysis.

Elderly and Patients with Large Breast Volume Have an Increased Risk of Seroma Formation after Mastectomy-Results of the SerMa Pilot Study.

The collective of the SerMa pilot study included 100 cases of primary breast cancer or Carcinoma in situ who had undergone a mastectomy procedure with or without reconstruction of the breast using an implant or expander at Augsburg University Hospital between 12/2019 and 12/2022. The study aimed to investigate possible causes of seroma formation; reported here are the clinicopathological correlations between seroma formation and tumor biology and surgical procedures. Seroma occurred significantly more often in patients with older age (median patient age in cases with seroma was 73 years vs.

Th2/Th17 cell associated cytokines found in seroma fluids after breast cancer surgery.

Purpose: The development of a seroma after breast cancer surgery is a common postoperative complication seen after simple mastectomy and axillary surgery. We could recently demonstrate that breast cancer patients undergoing a simple mastectomy with subsequent seroma formation developed a T-helper cell increase within the aspirated fluid measured by flow cytometry. The same study revealed a Th2 and/or a Th17 immune response in peripheral blood and seroma fluid of the same patient.