Physical Fitness Percentiles of German Children Aged 9-12 Years: Findings from a Longitudinal Study.

Background: Generating percentile values is helpful for the identification of children with specific fitness characteristics (i.e., low or high fitness level) to set appropriate fitness goals (i.

Effect of living area and sports club participation on physical fitness in children: a 4 year longitudinal study.

Background: Cross-sectional studies detected associations between physical fitness, living area, and sports participation in children. Yet, their scientific value is limited because the identification of cause-and-effect relationships is not possible. In a longitudinal approach, we examined the effects of living area and sports club participation on physical fitness development in primary school children from classes 3 to 6.

Intrasession and intersession reliability in maximal and explosive isometric torque production of the elbow flexors.

The purpose of this study was to assess intrasession and intersession reliability of maximal and explosive isometric torque production of the elbow flexors and its respective neuromuscular activation pattern. Subjects (13 men, age: 24.8 ± 3.