Unraveling cervical cancer screening dilemmas: histopathological insights from VIA and LEEP at bugando medical centre, Mwanza.

Background: The single-visit strategy, also known as the "screen-and-treat" approach, is widely used to screen for cervical cancer in low- and middle-income countries. The screen-and-treat approach leads to unnecessary or inadequate treatment. Thus, a study was conducted to determine the histopathological patterns of aceto-white lesions on visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) in patients who underwent a Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP) at Bugando Medical Centre between January 2016 and December 2020.

Persistent postpartum hypertension 3 months post-delivery among women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in Tanzania: A multicenter cohort study.

Postpartum care of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) often extends only 6 weeks after delivery in low-income countries. This multicenter observational cohort study was conducted to determine 3-month postpartum outcomes of HDP in Tanzania. Of 309 consecutive women admitted to 3 public hospitals, five (1.

Rudimentary horn pregnancy, a differential diagnosis of an intraabdominal pregnancy: a case report.

Background: Rudimentary horn pregnancy is a rare life-threatening obstetric condition with clinical and sonographic presentation resembling that of an abdominal pregnancy. Preoperative diagnosis of advanced rudimentary horn pregnancy is difficult and cases are often identified incidentally during laparotomy for a presumed abdominal pregnancy.

Case Presentation: We report a case of a 29-year-old African woman, gravida 2 para 1 at 28 weeks of gestation complaining of epigastric pain for 7 days with no other associated gastrointestinal or genitourinary symptoms.

Health system strengthening using a : A community case study.

Introduction: Health system strengthening initiatives in low and middle-income countries are commonly hampered by limited implementation readiness. The uses a system "readiness" theory of change to address implementation obstacles. is documented based on field experiences, incorporating best practices, and lessons learned from two decades of maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) programming in East Africa.

Evaluation of a comprehensive maternal newborn health intervention in rural Tanzania: single-arm pre-post coverage survey results.

Background: In Tanzania, maternal and newborn deaths can be prevented via quality facility-based antenatal care (ANC), delivery, and postnatal care (PNC). Scalable, integrated, and comprehensive interventions addressing demand and service-side care-seeking barriers are needed.

Objective: Assess coverage survey indicators before and after a comprehensive maternal newborn health (MNH) intervention in Misungwi District, Tanzania.

Provision of inadequate information on postnatal care and services during antenatal visits in Busega, Northwest Tanzania: a simulated client study.

Background: Most (94%) of global maternal deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries due to preventable causes. Maternal health care remains a key pillar in improving survival. Antenatal care (ANC) guidelines recommend that pregnant women should be provided with information about postnatal care in the third trimester.

The fear of social stigma experienced by men: a barrier to male involvement in antenatal care in Misungwi District, rural Tanzania.

Background: Evidence has shown that male involvement is associated with improved maternal health outcomes. In rural Tanzania, men are the main decision makers and may determine women's access to health services and ultimately their health outcomes. Despite efforts geared towards enhancing male participation in maternal health care, their involvement in antenatal care (ANC) remains low.

Implications of power imbalance in antenatal care seeking among pregnant adolescents in rural Tanzania: A qualitative study.

Background: Adolescent girls (10-19 years) are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality from pregnancy and childbirth complications, compared with older mothers. Low and middle-income countries, including Tanzania, bear the largest proportion of adolescent perinatal deaths. Few adolescent girls in Tanzania access antenatal care at health facilities, the reasons for which are poorly understood.

Why don't illiterate women in rural, Northern Tanzania, access maternal healthcare?

Background: In 2017, roughly 540 women in Sub-Saharan Africa died every day from preventable causes related to pregnancy and childbirth. To stem this public-health crisis, the WHO recommends a standard continuity of maternal healthcare, yet most women do not receive this care. Surveys suggest that illiteracy limits the uptake of the recommended care, yet little is understood about why this is so.

Men perspectives on attending antenatal care visits with their pregnant partners in Misungwi district, rural Tanzania: a qualitative study.

Background: Mens'attendance with their pregnant partners at facility-based antenatal care (ANC) visits is important for maternal and child health and gender equality yet remains uncommon in parts of rural Tanzania. This study examined men's perspectives on attending ANC with their pregnant partners in Misungwi District, Tanzania.

Methods: Twelve individual interviews and five focus group discussions were conducted using semi-structured questionnaires with fathers, expectant fathers, and in-depth interviews were done to health providers, volunteer community health workers, and village leaders.

Rater training for standardised assessment of Objective Structured Clinical Examinations in rural Tanzania.

Objectives: To describe a simulation-based rater training curriculum for Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) for clinician-based training for frontline staff caring for mothers and babies in rural Tanzania.

Background: Rater training for OSCE evaluation is widely embraced in high-income countries but not well described in low-income and middle-income countries. Helping Babies Breathe, Essential Care for Every Baby and Bleeding after Birth are standardised training programmes that encourage OSCE evaluations.

Development and Impact of Helping Babies Breathe Educational Methodology.

The educational pedagogy surrounding Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) has been transformative in going beyond a curriculum focused only on basic neonatal resuscitation; indeed, it created the framework for an educational program that has served as a model for replication for other impactful programs, such as the Helping Mothers Survive and other Helping Babies Survive curricula. The tenets of HBB include incorporation of innovative learning strategies such as small group discussion, skills-based learning, simulation and debriefing, and peer-to-peer learning, all of which begin the hard work of changing behaviors that may eventually affect health care systems. Allowing for adaptation for local resources and culture, HBB has catalyzed innovation in the development of simplified, pictorial educational materials, in addition to low-tech yet realistic simulators and adjunct devices that have played an important role in empowering health care professionals in their care of newborns, thereby improving outcomes.

Recurrent Huge Left Bartholin's Gland Abscess for One Year in a Teenager.

Bartholin's gland abscess is the commonest worldwide reported abscess in gynaecological outpatient clinics; it has also been reported that Bartholin's gland abscess is three times more common in occurrences compared to Bartholin's gland cyst. It is more common in women who are at risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections; however, other causes of infection should be investigated to exclude other causes of disease. We present the case of an 18-year-old female patient, a teenager of the reproductive age group, with the recurrent development of huge Bartholin's gland abscess in a period of one year.

The magnitude and correlates of Parvovirus B19 infection among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Mwanza, Tanzania.

Background: Human parvovirus B19 (B19) infection has been associated with congenital infection which may result into a number of the adverse pregnancy outcomes. The epidemiology and the magnitude of B19 infections among pregnant women have been poorly studied in developing countries. This study was done to establish preliminary information about the magnitude of B19 among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in the city of Mwanza, Tanzania.

Acute Rubella Virus Infection among Women with Spontaneous Abortion in Mwanza City, Tanzania.

Introduction: Acute rubella virus infection in early pregnancy has been associated with poor pregnancy outcome ranging from spontaneous abortion, stillbirth and multiple birth defects known as Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS). Despite its importance the prevalence of acute rubella virus infections is not known among women with spontaneous abortion in most centres in developing countries.

Aim: The present study was aimed to determine the seroprevalence of acute rubella infection among women with spontaneous abortion in Mwanza city.

Giant Condyloma Acuminatum of Vulva in an HIV-Infected Woman.

First described in 1925, giant condyloma acuminatum also known as Buschke-Löwenstein tumor (BLT) is a benign, slow-growing, locally destructive cauliflower-like lesion usually in the genital region. The disease is usually locally aggressive and destructive with a potential for malignant transformation. The causative organism is human papilloma virus.

Variability of high risk HPV genotypes among HIV infected women in Mwanza, Tanzania- the need for evaluation of current vaccine effectiveness in developing countries.

Background: High risk (HR) human papilloma Virus (HPV) genotypes have been associated with cervical cancer. In Tanzania there is a limited data on the epidemiology of HPV and genotypes distribution among HIV infected women. Here we document varieties of HPV genotypes associated with cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) among HIV- infected women at Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza-Tanzania.

Uterine myometrial mature teratoma presenting as a uterine mass: a review of literature.

Background: Teratomas are a germ cell tumors composed of two or more tissues which originate from ectoderm, endoderm or mesoderm. These tumors commonly arise from the ovary although other extragonadal sites can be involved, especially in children.

Case Presentation: We report a case of a 21-year-old female of Sukuma ethnicity from the northern region of Tanzania who presented with abdominal pain and distension, fever, and abnormal vaginal discharge for the previous three weeks.

Hydatidiform moles among patients with incomplete abortion in Mwanza City, North western Tanzania.

Background: Prevalence of hydatidiform mole is not clearly defined, partly because most studies have reported different prevalence rates from different regions. However, there is no previous study that has determined the prevalence and associated risk factors of HM among patients with incomplete abortion evacuated at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC) and Sekou Toure Regional Hospital (STRH).

Methods: A total of 180 patients with incomplete abortion were enrolled between February 2013 and April 2013.

Patient and disease characteristics associated with late tumour stage at presentation of cervical cancer in northwestern Tanzania.

Background: About two thirds of patients with cervical cancer in Tanzania present with advanced tumor stage, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. We designed a study to determine the factors associated with the late tumour stage at presentation among patients with cervical cancer in Mwanza.

Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited women at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC) with histologically confirmed cervical cancer from November 2013 to April 2014.

Fetus papyraceus causing dystocia in a rural setting: a case report.

Introduction: Fetus papyraceus is a rare condition which describes a mummified fetus in a multiple gestation pregnancy in which one fetus dies and becomes flattened between the membranes of the other fetus and uterine wall. We report a case of fetus papyraceus diagnosed during labor as a result of arrested descent.

Case Presentation: A 23-year-old Sukuma woman, gravida 2, para 1 presented to an maternity emergency unit of Sengerema Designated District hospital at a gestation age of 35(+5) weeks as a referral from a rural health center due to arrested descent despite being in active labor for the past 8 hours.

Spectrum of maternal and perinatal outcomes among parturient women with preceding short inter-pregnancy interval at Bugando Medical Centre, Tanzania.

Background: Traditionally women with a short inter-pregnancy interval will not have sufficient time to recover and get ready for the subsequent pregnancy. This includes socio-economic, cultural, psychological and physical body preparedness. The present study aimed at comparing the maternal and perinatal outcomes among parturient women with preceding short and normal inter-pregnancy interval attending at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC).

Uptake of intermittent preventive treatment with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine for malaria during pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes: a cross-sectional study in Geita district, North-Western Tanzania.

Background: Malaria infection during pregnancy is associated with adverse outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). For this reason, the World Health Organization currently recommends intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) at each scheduled antenatal care (ANC) visit. In Tanzania, the revised IPTp policy was adopted in 2013 but the level of uptake and its association with pregnancy outcomes remains unknown.