Male circumcision (MC) has been assessed as an effective strategy to reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV, with substantial evidence supporting its benefits.
Research indicates that MC can lower HIV infection risk by 50%-60%, and decrease the likelihood of other infections, such as herpes simplex and HPV, although it does not significantly affect syphilis risk.
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends MC as a complementary measure in high HIV prevalence areas, alongside safe sex practices and vaccination, to improve overall sexual health outcomes.