Butyrate enhances sporulation .

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are products of bacterial fermentation that help maintain important gut functions such as maintenance of the intestinal barrier, cell signaling, and immune homeostasis. The main SCFAs acetate, propionate, and butyrate have demonstrated beneficial effects for the host, including its importance in alleviating infections caused by pathogens such as . Despite the potential role of SCFAs in mitigating infection, their direct effect on remains unclear.

Butyrate enhances Clostridioides difficile sporulation .

Unlabelled: Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are products of bacterial fermentation that help maintain important gut functions such as the intestinal barrier, signaling, and immune homeostasis. The main SCFAs acetate, propionate, and butyrate have demonstrated beneficial effects for the host, including importance in combatting infections caused by pathogens such as . Despite the potential role of SCFAs in mitigating infection, their direct effect on remains unclear.

Diversity and Prevalence of Clostridium innocuum in the Human Gut Microbiota.

are a polyphyletic group of Gram-positive, spore-forming anaerobes in the phylum that significantly impact metabolism and functioning of the human gastrointestinal tract. Recently, were divided into two separate classes, and , based on phenotypic and 16S rRNA gene-based differences. While include many well-known pathogenic bacteria, remain relatively uncharacterized, particularly regarding their role as a pathogen versus commensal.

Dilution as a Solution: Targeting Microbial Populations with a Simplified Dilution Strategy.

The gut microbiota is an integral part of maintaining resistance against infection by () , a pathogen of increasing concern in both health care and community settings. The recent article by J. M.

Factors and Conditions That Impact Electroporation of Clostridioides difficile Strains.

An important risk factor for acquiring infection is antibiotic use. Therefore, a detailed knowledge of the physiology and the virulence factors can help drive the development of new diagnostic tools and nonantibiotic therapeutic agents to combat these organisms. Several genetic systems are available to study in the laboratory environment, and all rely on stably replicating or segregationally unstable plasmids.

Conservation of the "Outside-in" Germination Pathway in .

spore germination is initiated in response to certain bile acids and amino acids (e.g., glycine).

Germinants and Their Receptors in Clostridia.

Many anaerobic spore-forming clostridial species are pathogenic, and some are industrially useful. Although many are strict anaerobes, the bacteria persist under aerobic and growth-limiting conditions as multilayered metabolically dormant spores. For many pathogens, the spore form is what most commonly transmits the organism between hosts.

Reexamining the Germination Phenotypes of Several Clostridium difficile Strains Suggests Another Role for the CspC Germinant Receptor.

Unlabelled: Clostridium difficile spore germination is essential for colonization and disease. The signals that initiate C. difficile spore germination are a combination of taurocholic acid (a bile acid) and glycine.