Water safety: age-specific changes in knowledge and attitudes following a school-based intervention.

Objectives: To explore whether an intervention during mandatory schooling can lead to age-specific changes in water safety knowledge and attitudes.

Methods: Age-specific questionnaires were distributed to 202 kindergarten and grade one pupils, 220 elementary school pupils and 337 pupils attending the first three high school grades in Greater Athens. The information was used to design an educational package that was subsequently presented to pupils of the same grades and similar socio-demographic profiles attending different schools in the same area.

Patient and injury characteristics in abusive abdominal injuries.

Objective: To identify patient and injury characteristics associated with suspected child abuse in the setting of blunt abdominal trauma.

Patients: We extracted from the National Pediatric Trauma Registry phases 2 and 3 (October 1995 to April 2001; N = 106,135) all cases of blunt abdominal injury, excluding motor vehicle injuries, in patients aged 0 to 4 years.

Main Outcome Measures: Independent variables included age, mortality, nutritional status, and injury type.

Functional status after childhood traumatic brain injury.

Background: Identification of children after traumatic brain injury (TBI) likely to have functional deficits at trauma center discharge will facilitate care.

Methods: Two logistic regression models were derived from data on 4,439 children after TBI 7 to 14 years old enrolled in the National Pediatric Trauma Registry between 1994 and 2001 to predict physical and cognitive disabilities.

Results: Children with open or multiple fractures or closed fractures or injured by motor vehicles were 8.

Management of blunt pediatric hepatic and splenic injury: similar process, different outcome.

Though nonoperative management of stable children with blunt solid organ injury has been shown to be effective, we hypothesize that hepatic injuries represent a higher mortality risk than splenic injuries and that combination hepatosplenic injury is a marker of even greater mortality potential. A multi-institutional pediatric trauma registry was queried for all children with blunt injuries to the liver (H) or spleen (S), excluding those with severe brain injury. Incidence and mortality of H, S, and all combinations of H/S were compared.

Outcomes in children and young adults who are hospitalized for firearms-related injuries.

Objectives: To compare outcomes by intent of nonfatal firearms-related injuries in a hospitalized population, newborn to 19 years of age, and estimate the national incidence of ensuing disability.

Methods: Descriptive statistics and comparative analysis using chi(2), odds ratio, and t test were applied to data from the National Pediatric Trauma Registry (NPTR) and the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System of the US Consumer Product Safety Commission. Demographics, preinjury medical history, scene of injury, primary body part injured, severity of injury, utilization of resources, short-term and long-term disability, medical cause of disability, and disposition at discharge were studied.

Blunt abdominal injury in the young pediatric patient: child abuse and patient outcomes.

This study sought to evaluate injury causes and patient outcomes in young children with abdominal injuries. Cases of blunt abdominal injury (N = 927) to children ages 0 to 4 years were extracted from the National Pediatric Trauma Registry. Measures included hospital utilization (days hospitalized, intensive care unit use, and surgery) and patient outcome (in-hospital fatality, discharge to rehabilitation facility, home rehabilitation, and home nursing).

Pediatric trauma caused by personal watercraft: a ten-year retrospective.

Background/purpose: Evidence indicates that young adults are at significant risk for powered personal watercraft (PWC)-related injuries. This article examines the nature of PWC injuries sustained in the pediatric population over a 10-year period.

Methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted of trauma registry charts on 66 pediatric patients, aged 5 to 19 years, hospitalized for PWC-related injuries between 1990 and 1999.

Kidney and testicle injuries in team and individual sports: data from the national pediatric trauma registry.

Purpose: We define the risk of kidney or testicle injury in children who play contact sports.

Materials And Methods: National Pediatric Trauma Registry data from 50 United States pediatric trauma centers for 1990 to 1999 were analyzed. The data were from age groups 5 to 11, 12 to 14 and 15 to 18 years.

The incidence of recreational genitourinary and abdominal injuries in the Western New York pediatric population.

Purpose: We estimate the incidence of recreation related pediatric abdominal, testis and kidney injuries.

Materials And Methods: Trauma registry data at the regional pediatric trauma center for 1993 to 2000 were analyzed for recreational injuries. The data were divided into the 3 age groups of 5 to 11, 12 to 14 and 15 to 18 years.

Pediatric trauma is very much a surgical disease.

Objective: The evolution of nonoperative management of certain solid visceral injuries has stimulated speculation that management of the severely injured child is no longer a surgical exercise. The authors hypothesized that the incidence of injuries that require surgical evaluation is disproportionately high in children at risk of death or disability from significant injury.

Methods: National Pediatric Trauma Registry data were queried for all patients with ICDA-9-CM diagnoses requiring at least surgical evaluation.

Serious injuries and deaths of adolescent girls resulting from interpersonal violence: characteristics and trends from the United States, 1989-1998.

Background: Little published data are available concerning the death and disability of adolescent girls resulting from interpersonal violence (adolescents are defined as those aged 12-18 years in this study).

Objectives: To determine whether there were sex differences in (a) the characteristics of those who were injured or died, (b) injury severity and outcomes, and (c) injury mechanism; and to describe time trends in these differences.

Design: Analysis of data concerning serious injuries due to assaults, recorded in the National Pediatric Trauma Registry (from January 1, 1989, through December 31, 1998), and homicides, recorded in the Web-Based Injury Statistics and Query Reporting System database (from January 1, 1990, through December 31, 1997).

Outcomes from television sets toppling onto toddlers.

Objective: To assess outcomes of trauma caused by television sets falling onto children.

Methods: Retrospective review of medical charts of 183 children aged 7 years and younger hospitalized for injuries caused by falling television sets. Descriptive statistics were applied.

Prehospital endotracheal intubation for severe head injury in children: a reappraisal.

Controversy exists regarding the efficacy of prehospital assisted ventilation by endotracheal intubation (ETI) versus bag-valve-mask (BVM) in serious pediatric head injury. The National Pediatric Trauma Registry (NPTR-3) data set was analyzed to examine this question. NPTR-3 (n = 31,464) was queried regarding the demographics, injury mechanism, injury severity, prehospital interventions, transport mode, mortality rate, injury complications, procedure and equipment failure or complications, and functional outcome of seriously head-injured patients (n = 578) with comparable injury mechanisms and injury severity who received endotracheal intubation (ETI) (n = 479; 83%) versus those who received BVM (n = 99; 17%).

Child abuse and unintentional injuries: a 10-year retrospective.

Objective: To identify differences between hospitalized children injured by child abuse and those with unintentional injuries.

Design: Comparative analysis of patients injured by child abuse (n = 1997) with patients injured unintentionally (n = 16 831), newborn to 4 years of age.

Main Outcome Measures: Patient characteristics, nature and severity of injury, treatment, length of stay, survival, functional limitations, and disposition at discharge from the hospital.

DBcat: a catalog of 500 biological databases.

The DBcat (http://www.infobiogen.fr/services/dbcat ) is a comprehensive catalog of biological databases, maintained and curated at Infobiogen.

Functional outcome in children with multiple trauma without significant head injury.

Objective: To assess functional outcome and describe disability at discharge in children who have had trauma without significant head injury.

Design: Retrospective cohort.

Setting: National Pediatric Trauma Registry, 1988-1994.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in pediatric trauma patients: survival and functional outcome.

Background: Although injury is the leading cause of cardiac arrests in children older than 1 year, few studies have examined the survival and functional outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in pediatric trauma patients.

Methods: A historical cohort of 957 trauma patients younger than 15 years who received CPR at the scene of injury or at the admitting hospital was constructed on the basis of the National Pediatric Trauma Registry. The rate of survival to discharge and factors related to survival were examined.

Alcohol and other psychoactive drugs in trauma patients aged 10-14 years.

Objective: To examine the prevalence of alcohol and/or other psychoactive drugs, such as marijuana and cocaine (AODs), involved in preteen trauma patients.

Methods: Toxicological testing results were analyzed for 1356 trauma patients aged 10-14 years recorded in the National Pediatric Trauma Registry for the years 1990-95.

Results: Of the 1356 patients who received toxicological screening at the time of admission, 116 (9%) were positive for AODs.

Pediatric trauma center criteria: an outcomes analysis.

Background/purpose: Trauma centers (TC) are certified based on widely accepted criteria. These specific criteria rarely are scrutinized individually. The purpose of this study was to analyze the individual components of a pediatric trauma center for their effect on outcome.

DBcat: a catalog of biological databases.

The DBcat (http://www.infobiogen.fr/services/dbcat) is a comprehensive catalog of biological databases, maintained and curated on a daily basis at GIS Infobiogen.

Injuries to children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Objectives: To determine differences between hospital admitted injuries to children with preinjury attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and injuries to those with no preinjury conditions (NO).

Design: Comparative analysis, excluding fatalities, of ADHD patients (n = 240) to NO patients (n = 21 902), 5 through 14 years of age.

Outcome Measures: Demographics, injury characteristics, length of stay, admission to the intensive care unit, surgical intervention, disability, and disposition at discharge.

Relationship of trauma patient volume to outcome experience: can a relationship be defined?

Objectives: Five years experience recorded in a multi-institutional pediatric trauma registry was analyzed to define the relationship between case volume and outcome as measured by mortality.

Methods: A total of 30,930 records with complete data were categorized by contributing hospital. Patients with fatal injury as indicated by an injury severity score of 75 or any abbreviated injury scale of 6 were excluded.

Bicycle-related injuries among preschool children.

Study Objective: To describe the circumstances, severity, and outcome of bicycle-related injuries among hospitalized children younger than 5 years and to compare injuries in young children (< 5 years) and older children (5 to 14 years).

Methods: We studied a case series of children (0 to 14 years) with bicycle-related injuries requiring hospital admission reported to the National Pediatric Trauma Registry (NPTR) between January 1986 and June 1996.

Results: Bicycle-related injuries were reported for 4,041 patients; 219 (5%) involved children younger than 5 years.

Pediatric risk indicator: an objective measurement of childhood injury severity.

Introduction: The Pediatric Risk Index (PRI) uses established measures of physiologic derangement (Pediatric Trauma Score and Glasgow Coma Scale) and anatomic severity (Injury Severity Score) to identify those patients at risk of death, impairment, or extensive resource utilization.

Methods: The PRI was evaluated by analysis of 5,345 patients entered into a multi-institutional pediatric trauma registry during 1993. PRI was calculated for each patient, and its distribution for survivors compared with those of fatalities.