Molecular signature underlying (R)-ketamine rapid antidepressant response on anhedonic-like behavior induced by sustained exposure to stress.

Anhedonia induced by sustained stress exposure is a hallmark symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD) and in rodents, it can be accessed through the sucrose preference test (SPT). (R)-ketamine is a fast-acting antidepressant with less detrimental side effects and abuse liability compared to racemic ketamine. The present study combined high-throughput proteomics and network analysis to identify molecular mechanisms involved in chronic variable stress (CVS)-induced anhedonia and promising targets underlying (R)-ketamine rapid antidepressant response.

Transcranial direct current stimulation is more effective than pregabalin in controlling nociceptive and anxiety-like behaviors in a rat fibromyalgia-like model.

Objectives: Despite the fact that fibromyalgia, a widespread disease of the musculoskeletal system, has no specific treatment, patients have shown improvement after pharmacological intervention. Pregabalin has demonstrated efficacy; however, its adverse effects may reduce treatment adherence. In this context, neuromodulatory techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may be employed as a complementary pain-relieving method.

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Promotes state-dependent Effects on Neuroinflammatory and Behavioral Parameters in rats Chronically Exposed to Stress and a Hyper-Palatable Diet.

Chronic stress is a common condition affecting health, often associated with unhealthy eating habits. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been proposed to address these issues. Thus, this research investigated the effects of tDCS on biometric, behavioral, and neurochemical parameters in chronically stressed rats fed a hyper-palatable cafeteria diet (CAFD).

Nicotinamide riboside and dietary restriction effects on gut microbiota and liver inflammatory and morphologic markers in cafeteria diet-induced obesity in rats.

Objectives: No specific therapy is available for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. We investigated nicotinamide riboside (NR) and dietary restriction (DR) effects in liver lipids, inflammation, histology, intestinal permeability, and gut microbiota in a cafeteria diet (CAFD)-induced obesity model.

Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to standard diet (SD) or CAFD.

The Application of Static Magnetic Stimulation Reduces Survival of SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells.

Background/aim: Central nervous system cancer is still a major public health issue. The effectiveness of treatments is limited and varies depending on the severity of disease. Therefore, there is a demand for the development of novel therapies.

Involvement of GABAergic, glutamatergic, opioidergic, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor systems in the trigeminal neuropathic pain process.

Trigeminal neuropathic pain (TNP) is an intense pain condition characterized by hyperalgesia and allodynia; however, its neural mechanisms are not completely understood. Its management is complex, and studies that investigate its biochemical mechanisms are important for improving clinical approaches. This study aimed to evaluate the involvement of GABAergic, glutamatergic, and opioidergic systems and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the TNP process in rats.

Behavioral manifestations in rodent models of autism spectrum disorder: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition associated with severe social communication, interaction, and sensory processing impairments. Efforts to understand its etiology and pathophysiology are crucial for improving treatment and prevention measures. Preclinical models of ASD are essential for investigating the biological mechanisms and should present translatability potential.

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) Reverses the Long-term Memory Impairment and the Decrease of Hippocampal Interleukin-10 Levels, both Induced by Neuropathic Pain in Rats.

Neuropathic pain (NP) is characterized by the presence of spontaneous pain, allodynia and hyperalgesia. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is one of neuromodulatory techniques that induces satisfactory NP relief, including that from refractory pain patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate rTMS treatment over long term memory (LTM) and hippocampal BDNF and IL-10 levels in rats submitted to a NP model.

Bimodal transcranial direct current stimulation reduces alcohol consumption and induces long-term neurochemical changes in rats with neuropathic pain.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of repeated bimodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on alcohol consumption and immunohistological and neurochemical parameters in nerve-injured rats. Forty-eight adult male Wistar rats were distributed into six groups: control, neuropathic pain (NP) + sham-tDCS, NP + alcohol + sham-tDCS, alcohol + sham-tDCS, alcohol + tDCS, and NP + alcohol + tDCS. NP is induced by chronic sciatic nerve constriction (CCI).

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has beneficial effects on liver lipid accumulation and hepatic inflammatory parameters in obese rats.

Obesity is key to liver steatosis development and progression. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising tool for eating disorders management but was not yet evaluated in steatosis. This study investigated tDCS' effects on liver steatosis and inflammation in an experimental obesity model.

rTMS induces analgesia and modulates neuroinflammation and neuroplasticity in neuropathic pain model rats.

Neuropathic pain (NP) is related to the presence of hyperalgesia, allodynia, and spontaneous pain, affecting 7%-10% of the general population. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is applied for NP relief, especially in patients with refractory pain. As NP response to existing treatments is often insufficient, we aimed to evaluate rTMS treatment on the nociceptive response of rats submitted to an NP model and its effect on pro-and anti-neuroinflammatory cytokine and neurotrophin levels.

tDCS and exercise improve anxiety-like behavior and locomotion in chronic pain rats via modulation of neurotrophins and inflammatory mediators.

Anxiety disorders cause distress and are commonly found to be comorbid with chronic pain. Both are difficult-to-treat conditions for which alternative treatment options are being pursued. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), treadmill exercise, or both, on anxiety-like behavior and associated growth factors and inflammatory markers in the hippocampus and sciatic nerve of rats with neuropathic pain.

Nicotinamide riboside reduces cardiometabolic risk factors and modulates cardiac oxidative stress in obese Wistar rats under caloric restriction.

Aims: NAD-based therapeutic strategies are encouraged against obesity and heart disease. Our study, therefore, aimed to investigate the effects of nicotinamide riboside (NR), isolated or combined with caloric restriction (CR), both approaches well-known for stimulating NAD levels, on adiposity parameters, cardiometabolic factors and cardiac oxidative stress in rats submitted to cafeteria diet (CAF).

Main Methods: After 42 days of CAF-induced obesity (hypercaloric and ultra-processed foods common to humans), we examined the effects of oral administration of NR (400 mg/kg for 28 days), combined or not with CR (-62% kcal, for 28 days), on anthropometric, metabolic, tissue, and cardiac oxidative stress parameters in obese male Wistar rats.

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Patients with Anxiety: Current Perspectives.

Anxiety is one of the most prevalent and debilitating psychiatric conditions worldwide. Pharmaco- and psycho-therapies have been employed in the treatment of human anxiety to date. Yet, either alone or in combination, unsatisfactory patient outcomes are prevalent, resulting in a considerable number of people whose symptoms fail to respond to conventional therapies with symptoms remaining after intervention.

Maternal Deprivation and Sex Alter Central Levels of Neurotrophins and Inflammatory Cytokines in Rats Exposed to Palatable Food in Adolescence.

Maternal deprivation (MD) in rodents is used to simulate human-infant early life stress, which leads to neural, hormonal, and behavioral alterations. Palatable food (PF) can reduce the stress response, and individuals use it as a self-applied stress relief method. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the association between MD in the early life (P1-P10) and PF consumption (condensed milk, P21-P44) in the central neuroplasticity (BDNF/NGF levels) and central neuroinflammatory parameters (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 levels) in male and female Wistar rats in the adolescence.

Anhedonic-like behavior correlates with IFNγ serum levels in a two-hit model of depression.

Stress is implicated in the etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) and leads to the activation of proinflammatory pathways, which are recognized to induce depressive symptoms. For instance, depression is commonly observed in patients with hepatitis C and cancer under IFN therapy, and high levels of inflammatory cytokines are described in the serum of individuals with MDD - which indicate a multi-system aspect of psychiatric disorders. Thus, we evaluated the effects of a two-hit model of depression on peripheral and CNS inflammatory, neurotrophic, and oxidative stress parameters and behavior.

Social defeat protocol and relevant biomarkers, implications for stress response physiology, drug abuse, mood disorders and individual stress vulnerability: a systematic review of the last decade.

Introduction: Social defeat (SD) in rats, which results from male intraspecific confrontations, is ethologically relevant and useful to understand stress effects on physiology and behavior.

Methods: A systematic review of studies about biomarkers induced by the SD protocol and published from 2002 to 2013 was carried out in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Knowledge and ScienceDirect. The search terms were: social defeat, rat, neurotrophins, neuroinflammatory markers, and transcriptional factors.

Aggression-reducing effects of F15599, a novel selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist, after microinjection into the ventral orbital prefrontal cortex, but not in infralimbic cortex in male mice.

Background: The 5-HT1A receptor subtype has been postulated to modulate aggressive behavior particularly when it is excessive. F15599 is a high affinity and selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist that exhibits biased agonism for postsynaptic receptors that are preferentially coupled to Gαi3 protein subunits, with more potent action in the cortex, and with potential for selectively reducing aggression.

Objectives And Methods: The aims of the current study were to investigate the anti-aggressive effects of the novel 5-HT1A receptor agonist, F15599, microinjected into the ventral orbital prefrontal cortex (VO PFC) and into the infralimbic cortex (ILC) of CF-1 male mice that had been previously socially provoked and to confirm the specific action at this receptor by blocking its effects using the 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, WAY100,635.

The effect of 5-HT(2a/2c) receptor agonist microinjected into central amygdaloid nucleus and median preoptic area on maternal aggressive behavior in rats.

Objective: Much evidence supports the hypothesis that 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) activation is related to the inhibition of aggression. We examined potentially pro- and anti-aggressive effects of the 5-HT(2A/2C) receptor agonist on specific brain sites.

Method: Female Wistar rats on the 7th day postpartum were microinjected with the selective 5-HT(2A/2C) receptor agonist, alpha-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine maleate (0.