The effects of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids on MASLD: a Mendelian randomization analysis and in vivo experiment.

Background: Excessive intake of fatty acids is a key factor contributing to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). However, the effects of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) on the development of MASLD are uncertain. Therefore, we conducted two-sample Mendelian randomization studies and animal experiments to explore the effects of SFA, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on the risk of developing MASLD.

Thrombus age does not differentiate between cardiogenic and atherosclerotic strokes.

Objective: Interventional stroke therapy made thrombi available for histological analysis. Unfortunately, simple composition aspects such as erythrocyte versus fibrin/platelet rich did not allow a feasible allocation to thrombi's cardiac or carotid origin. Since the mentioned criteria represent characteristics of thrombus age, we used established histological criteria for determining thrombus age in patients who had an atherosclerotic (TOAST (Trial of Org 10172 in Acute stroke Treatment) 1) stroke versus patients who had a cardioembolic (TOAST 2) stroke.

Cross-species variability in lobular geometry and cytochrome P450 hepatic zonation: insights into CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4.

There is a lack of systematic research exploring cross-species variation in liver lobular geometry and zonation patterns of critical drug-metabolizing enzymes, a knowledge gap essential for translational studies. This study investigated the critical interplay between lobular geometry and key cytochrome P450 (CYP) zonation in four species: mouse, rat, pig, and human. We developed an automated pipeline based on whole slide images (WSI) of hematoxylin-eosin-stained liver sections and immunohistochemistry.

Causal relationship between psychological factors and hepatocellular carcinoma as revealed by Mendelian randomization.

Purpose: The impact of psychological factors on the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in humans remains unclear. Mendelian randomization (MR) study is a novel approach aimed at unbiased detection of causal effects. Therefore, we conducted a two-sample MR to determine if there is a causal relationship between psychological distress (PD), participation in leisure/social activities of religious groups (LARG), and HCC.

Causal Relationship between Angina and Hepatic Failure as Revealed by Mendelian Randomization.

Background: Patients with angina are often suffering from comorbidities such as varying degrees of hepatic dysfunction. However, the impact of angina on the incidence of hepatic failure (HF) remains unclear.

Methods: The genetic data were retrieved from genome-wide association studies.

Normothermic Ex Vivo Liver Machine Perfusion in Mouse.

This protocol presents an optimized erythrocytes-free NEVLP system using mouse livers. Ex vivo preservation of mouse livers was achieved by employing modified cannulas and techniques adapted from conventional commercial ex vivo perfusion equipment. The system was utilized to evaluate the preservation outcomes following 12 h of perfusion.

Periportal steatosis in mice affects distinct parameters of pericentral drug metabolism.

Little is known about the impact of morphological disorders in distinct zones on metabolic zonation. It was described recently that periportal fibrosis did affect the expression of CYP proteins, a set of pericentrally located drug-metabolizing enzymes. Here, we investigated whether periportal steatosis might have a similar effect.

Selective gene expression profiling contributes to a better understanding of the molecular pathways underlying the histological changes observed after RHMVL.

Background: In previous studies, five vasoactive drugs were investigated for their effect on the recovery process after extended liver resection without observing relevant improvements. We hypothesized that an analysis of gene expression could help to identify potentially druggable pathways and could support the selection of promising drug candidates.

Methods: Liver samples obtained from rats after combined 70% partial hepatectomy and right median hepatic vein ligation (n = 6/group) sacrificed at 0 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 7days were selected for this study.

Blocking autophagy with chloroquine aggravates lipid accumulation and reduces intracellular energy synthesis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, both contributing to its anti-proliferative effect.

Purpose: The autophagy inhibitor chloroquine enhances the effect of targeted therapy using tyrosine kinase inhibitor in liver cancer. We would like to further understand the specific mechanism by which chloroquine inhibits the proliferation of tumor cells.

Methods: We used a human hepatocarcinoma cell line (HepG2) as cell culture model.

Corrigendum to "Release of Danger Signals during Ischemic Storage of the Liver: A Potential Marker of Organ Damage?".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2010/436145.].

Additional partial hepatectomy at the time of portal vein ligation accelerates the regeneration of the future liver remnant.

Portal vein ligation (PVL) has been adopted to induce hypertrophy of the future liver remnant (FLR) in patients with primarily irresectable liver tumor. However, regeneration of the FLR is not always sufficient to allow curative resection of the portally-deprived tumor-bearing liver lobe. We hypothesize that simultaneous hepatectomy (PHx) and PVL augments regeneration of the FLR and that the effect is related to the extent of the additional resection.

Modulation of Autophagy: A Novel "Rejuvenation" Strategy for the Aging Liver.

Aging is a natural life process which leads to a gradual decline of essential physiological processes. For the liver, it leads to alterations in histomorphology (steatosis and fibrosis) and function (protein synthesis and energy generation) and affects central hepatocellular processes (autophagy, mitochondrial respiration, and hepatocyte proliferation). These alterations do not only impair the metabolic capacity of the liver but also represent important factors in the pathogenesis of malignant liver disease.

Nondestructive molecular imaging by Raman spectroscopy vs. marker detection by MALDI IMS for an early diagnosis of HCC.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide with a steadily increasing mortality rate. Fast diagnosis at early stages of HCC is of key importance for the improvement of patient survival rates. In this regard, we combined two imaging techniques with high potential for HCC diagnosis in order to improve the prediction of liver cancer.

Evaluation of Somatostatin and CXCR4 Receptor Expression in a Large Set of Prostate Cancer Samples Using Tissue Microarrays and Well-Characterized Monoclonal Antibodies.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common type of cancer among men in Western countries. Despite numerous therapeutic options, few treatments are available for patients with end-stage disease. In the present study, different somatostatin receptors (SSTs) and the chemokine receptor CXCR4 were evaluated for their suitability as novel therapeutic targets in PCa.

The Role of Autophagy for the Regeneration of the Aging Liver.

Age is one of the key risk factors to develop malignant diseases leading to a high incidence of hepatic tumors in the elderly population. The only curative treatment for hepatic tumors is surgical removal, which initiates liver regeneration. However, liver regeneration is impaired with aging, leading to an increased surgical risk for the elderly patient.

Size of portally deprived liver lobe after portal vein ligation and additional partial hepatectomy: Result of balancing proliferation and apoptosis.

The liver has the ability to maintain its total size by adjusting the size of the individual liver lobes differently in response to regeneration- and atrophy-stimuli. Portal vein ligation (PVL) drives the ligated lobe to undergo atrophy whereas partial hepatectomy (PHx) drives the total remnant liver to regenerate. We hypothesize that the size of the PVL-lobe is dependent on the balance between the extent of PVL and the extent of PHx inducing a complex interplay between hepatocyte proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy.

MULTILOCULAR PURE LEYDIG CELL TUMOR OF OVARY, FALLOPIAN TUBE, AND EXTRAOVARIAN SOFT TISSUE.

Objective: Leydig cell tumors (LCTs) of the ovary may produce androgens and cause virilization. Although they are generally benign, these tumors are typically very small, making them hard to detect by imaging processes.

Methods: We report a case of a multilocular LCT involving the ovarian stroma, fallopian tube, and extra-ovarian soft tissue.

A Survival Model of Partial Liver Lobe Decellularization Towards Liver Engineering.

liver decellularization has become a promising strategy to study liver engineering. However, long-term survival after liver decellularization has not yet been achieved due to anatomical and technical challenges. This study aimed at establishing a survival model of partial liver lobe perfusion-decellularization in rats.

Biocellulose for Incisional Hernia Repair-An Experimental Pilot Study.

Ventral or incisional hernia are a common disease pattern in general surgery. Mostcommonly, a mesh repair is used for reconstruction, whereby the mesh itself might causecomplications, like infections or adhesions. Biological materials, like biocellulose, might reducethese clinical problems substantially.

Modulation of Innate Immunity by G-CSF and Inflammatory Response by LBPK95A Improves the Outcome of Sepsis in a Rat Model.

Introduction: Sepsis is the primary cause of death from infection. We wanted to improve the outcome of sepsis by stimulating innate immunity in combination with modulating the severity of inflammatory responses in rats.

Method: Sepsis was induced by the injection of feces suspension (control).

Young plasma attenuates age-dependent liver ischemia reperfusion injury.

Aging is often associated with a decreased autophagic activity that contributes to the high sensitivity of aged livers to ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Blood from young animals can positively affect aged animals. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of young plasma in a model of liver IRI in aged rats.

The LPS Responsiveness in BN and LEW Rats and Its Severity Are Modulated by the Liver.

Differences in LPS responsiveness influence the outcome of patients with sepsis. The intensity of the response is highly variable in patients and strain dependent in rodents. However, the role of the liver for initiating the LPS response remains ill defined.