Dielectric Properties of Ex Vivo Porcine Liver Tissue Characterized at Frequencies Between 5 and 500 kHz When Heated at Different Rates.

Objective: The released energy during radio frequency thermal ablation therapy changes the dielectric properties of biological tissues. Understanding changes of dielectric properties of biological tissues during heating is fundamental to suitably model the medical procedure. The aim of this work is to obtain the thermal dependences of conductivity and permittivity of ex vivo porcine liver tissue at six frequencies from 5 to 500 kHz, during heating from 37 °C to 100 °C at three heating rates of approximately 0.