Synthesis and Photoreactivity of 7-Nitroindoline--thiocarbamates.

The photolytic properties of -acyl-7-nitroindolines make these compounds attractive as photocleavable protecting groups and "caged" compounds for the light-induced release ("uncaging") of biologically active compounds and as acylating reagents under neutral conditions. However, the synthesis of -acyl-7-nitroindolines usually requires multiple steps, and the direct acylation of 7-nitroindolines can be quite challenging. 7-Nitroindolines with other types of -carbonyl-containing groups may also be photoreactive and could potentially be better accessible.

Cavity Disinfection With a 445 nm Diode Laser Within the Scope of Restorative Therapy - A Pilot Study.

Cavity disinfection is necessary to prevent a progressive infection of the crown dentin and pulp. Increasing intolerance and resistance to antiseptics and antibiotics as well as the controversy over the effects of those on the dental hard tissue and composite have prompted the investigation of alternative treatment options. The objective of this pilot study is to evaluate the antibacterial potential of a diode laser with a wavelength of 445 nm in the cavity preparation using the bacterium associated with caries in conjunction with the characteristics and influences of dentin on light transmission.

Increased tooth mobility after fixed orthodontic appliance treatment can be selectively utilized for case refinement via positioner therapy - a pilot study.

Background: Increased tooth mobility persists after fixed orthodontic appliance removal, which is therapeutically utilized for post-treatment finishing with positioners. As such a fine adjustment is only required for selected teeth, the aim of this pilot study was to investigate tooth mobility in vivo on corrected and uncorrected subgroups under positioner therapy.

Methods: Mobility was measured on upper teeth of 10 patients (mean age 16.

Comparison of force loss due to friction of different wire sizes and materials in conventional and new self-ligating orthodontic brackets during simulated canine retraction.

Aims: The aim of this study was to compare force loss due to friction (Fr) during simulated canine retraction using different archwire dimensions and materials between conventional and new self-ligating brackets.

Methods: The tested brackets were (1) conventional brackets (Victory series, GAC twin and FLI twin), (2) self-ligating brackets (Damon-Q, FLI-SL, new/improved FLI-SL (I FLI-SL), SPEED, GAC innovation (R) and Ortho Classic) and (3) a low-friction bracket (Synergy). All brackets had a 0.

PEKK-made indirect temporary crowns and bridges: a clinical pilot study.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to find out whether the high-performance polymer PEKK is an equivalent alternative compared to cobalt chrome (CoCr)-made restorations, regarding to biocompatibility, stability, and comfort.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-two patients (m, 10; f, 12) who were indicated for a long-term temporary-fixed restoration were included. They were randomized through a lottery procedure into two groups: the first group was restored with veneered PEKK-made crowns and bridges (Pekkton ivory), while the second group was restored with veneered CoCr crowns.

Paratonia in Flemish Nursing Homes: Current State of Practice.

Background: Paratonia is a major underlying motor problem impeding functionality and locomotion in dementia. Despite its undeniable impact on patient's quality of life and daily care, there is a lack of evidence-based therapy on patients with this condition.

Methods: We surveyed physiotherapists working in nursing homes in Flanders (Belgium) concerning the use and perceived effect of therapeutic strategies and positioning methods/aids.

Synthesis and characterization of a photocleavable collagen-like peptide.

A 34-amino acid long collagen-like peptide rich in proline, hydroxyproline, and glycine, and with four photoreactive N-acyl-7-nitroindoline units incorporated into the peptide backbone was synthesized by on-resin fragment condensation. Its circular dichroism supports a stable triple helix structure. The built-in photochemical function enables the decomposition of the peptide into small peptide fragments by illumination with UV light of 350 nm in aqueous solution.

Time-dependent behavior of porcine periodontal ligament: A combined experimental, numeric in-vitro study.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to analyze the time-dependent in-vitro behavior of the periodontal ligament (PDL) by determining the material parameters using specimens of porcine jawbone. Time-dependent material parameters to be determined were expected to complement the results from earlier biomechanical studies.

Methods: Five mandibular deciduous porcine premolars were analyzed in a combined experimental-numeric study.

Comparison of the force levels among labial and lingual self-ligating and conventional brackets in simulated misaligned teeth.

Background/objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate force levels exerted by levelling arch wires with labial and lingual conventional and self-ligating brackets.

Materials/methods: The tested orthodontic brackets were of the 0.022-in slot size for labial and 0.

Influence of tooth dimension on the initial mobility based on plaster casts and X-ray images : A numerical study.

Aims: The goal was to determine the influence of different geometric parameters of the tooth on the initial tooth mobility and the position of the center of resistance employing numerical models based on scaled X-ray images and plaster casts.

Methods: The dimensions of tooth 21 were measured in 21 patients, using radiographs and dental casts. Length and mesiodistal width of the tooth were obtained from the X-ray image and the orovestibular diameter from the plaster cast.

Mechanical properties of different esthetic and conventional orthodontic wires in bending tests : An in vitro study.

Aims: The goal of this study was to determine the mechanical properties of different esthetic and conventional orthodontic wires in three-point and four-point bending tests, and in a biomechanical test employing three bracket systems.

Methods: The behavior of round wires with a diameter of 0.46 mm (0.

Post-treatment changes in permanent retention.

Objectives: While permanent retention is today the method of choice to stabilize orthodontic treatment outcomes, recent studies have increasingly reported posttreatment changes in tooth position during permanent retention. We conducted this study to analyze changes in the anterior mandible, whether the changes follow an underlying movement pattern, and, aiming for a preventive strategy, whether any risk factors could be identified comparing findings with the pretreatment situations.

Methods: We included 30 patients who had worn fixed Twistflex retainers (UK 3-3) extending from canine to canine in the mandible.

Clinical and radiological investigations of mandibular overdentures supported by conventional or mini-dental implants: A 2-year prospective follow-up study.

Statement Of Problem: Conventional dental implants are not applicable in the mandibular interforaminal region if bone volume is limited. Mini-dental implants offer an alternative means of supporting mandibular overdentures in a narrow residual ridge, without additional surgery.

Purpose: The purpose of this nonrandomized clinical trial was to compare the ability of mini-dental implants with that of conventional dental implants in supporting mandibular overdentures during a 2-year clinical follow-up.

Changes in biting forces with implant-supported overdenture in the lower jaw: A comparison between conventional and mini implants in a pilot study.

The biting ability of patients improves noticeably after receiving implant-supported overdentures in comparison to conventional complete dentures. However, the change of biting with such treatment concepts has been quantitatively investigated in only a limited number of studies. The aim of the present study has been to measure the biting forces of edentulous patients with complete dentures and after receiving implant-supported overdentures.

In vivo determination of tooth mobility after fixed orthodontic appliance therapy with a novel intraoral measurement device.

Objective: Valid measurement systems recording tooth mobility upon displacement within the subtle range of physiological strains are missing. Here, we introduce a novel in vivo measurement device and demonstrate a first clinical application by monitoring tooth mobility changes during retention after fixed multibracket appliance therapy.

Materials And Methods: Tooth mobility was measured in vivo on 21 patients (11 female, 10 male; mean age 16.

Friction behavior of self-ligating and conventional brackets with different ligature systems.

Objectives: Self-ligating brackets are widely believed to offer better clinical efficiency and, in particular, less friction. Thus, the goal of this in vitro investigation was to assess the friction behavior of different bracket/archwire/ligature combinations during simulated canine retraction. An important aspect of this work was to determine whether conventional bracket systems behave differently in passive or active self-ligating brackets used with a Slide™ ligature, an elastic ligature, or a steel ligature.

Friction behavior of ceramic injection-molded (CIM) brackets.

Objectives: Bracket material, bracket design, archwire material, and ligature type are critical modifiers of friction behavior during archwire-guided movement of teeth. We designed this in vitro study to compare the friction losses of ceramic injection-molded (CIM) versus pressed-ceramic (PC) and metal injection-molded (MIM) brackets-used with different ligatures and archwires-during archwire-guided retraction of a canine.

Methods: Nine bracket systems were compared, including five CIM (Clarity™ and Clarity™ ADVANCED, both by 3M Unitek; discovery(®) pearl by Dentaurum; Glam by Forestadent; InVu by TP Orthodontics), two PC (Inspire Ice by Ormco; Mystique by DENTSPLY GAC), and two MIM (discovery(®) and discovery(®) smart, both by Dentaurum) systems.

Mechanical LUCAS resuscitation is effective, reduces physical workload and improves mental performance of helicopter teams.

Background: Physical and mental workload during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is challenging under extreme working conditions. We hypothesized that the mechanical chest-compression device Lund University Cardiac Assist System (LUCAS) increases the effectiveness of CPR, decreases the physical workload and improves the mental performance of the emergency medical service (EMS) staff during simulated emergency helicopter flights.

Methods: During simulated helicopter flights, 12 EMS teams performed manual or LUCAS-CPR on a manikin at random order.

Impact of radiation history, gender and age on bone quality in sites for orthodontic skeletal anchorage device placement.

Aims: Stability of orthodontic miniscrew implants is prerequisite to their success and durability in orthodontic treatment. As investigations revealed a positive correlation of miniscrew stability to periimplant bone quality, it has been the aim of this study to analyze the bone structure of resection preparations of human mandibles histologically by investigating the samples according to age, gender and exposure to radiotherapy.

Methods: Inflammation- and tumor-free alveolar bone sections from human mandibles (n = 31) with previously diagnosed carcinoma, chronic osteomyelitis or cysts were analyzed histomorphologically and histomorphometrically as to the dimension of trabeculae in cancellous areas.

Histopathological Verification of Osteoimmunological Mediators in Peri-Implantitis and Correlation to Bone Loss and Implant Functional Period.

Peri-implantitis (PI) is characterized by inflammation and bone resorption eventually leading to implant failure, but the characteristic pathologic determinants are undefined to date. This study aims to elucidate the parameters involved in PI pathogenesis, including intraoral implant retention time, extent of bone loss, smoking history, and identification of osteoimmunological markers for inflammation and bone loss. Peri-implant tissues (n = 21) displaying clinically diagnosed PI from patients with vertical bone loss ranging from 0-12 mm and implant function period between 1 and 60 months were evaluated by histochemistry and immunohistochemistry for TRAP, CD3, RANK, RANKL, OPG, and TNF-α.

Bone substitute material composition and morphology differentially modulate calcium and phosphate release through osteoclast-like cells.

The aim of this study was to determine the material composition and cell-mediated remodelling of different calcium phosphate-based bone substitutes. Osteoclasts were cultivated on bone substitutes (Cerabone, Maxresorb, and NanoBone) for up to 5 days. Bafilomycin A1 addition served as the control.

Retrospective investigation of gingival invaginations: Part II: microbiological findings and genetic risk profile.

Background And Objective: Gingival invaginations are a frequent finding during tooth extraction and following orthodontic space closure. Based on the interdental localization and sometimes pronounced depth, it has been suggested that a gingival invagination may impede oral hygiene. In Part I of this series, the time until active tooth movement and the localization of extraction were identified as potential risk factors for the development of gingival invagination.

Retrospective investigation of gingival invaginations : Part I: Clinical findings and presentation of a coding system.

Many orthodontic treatments involve tooth extraction. Gingival invagination is a common side effect after orthodontic extraction space closure leading to compromised oral hygiene and the space closure being hampered. Even the long-term stability of the orthodontic treatment result may be jeopardized.

Sagnac interferometric intensity-dependent refractive-index measurements of polymer optical fiber.

We have applied a new modified Sagnac interferometric technique to measure the real part of the intensitydependent refractive index of a single-mode polymer optical fiber. For a 0.1% by weight squaraine dye in a poly(methyl methacrylate) core, Re([chi((3))1111]) is 12(+/-7) x 10(-13) cm(3)/erg at lambda = 1064 nm.