Community testing practices for autism within the autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network.

Background: No data exist at the population level on what tests are used to aid in the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in community practice.

Objectives: To describe autism spectrum disorder testing practices to inform autism spectrum disorder identification efforts.

Methods: Data are from the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, a multi-site surveillance system reporting prevalence estimates and characteristics of 8-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder.

Health Conditions, Education Services, and Transition Planning for Adolescents With Autism.

Objective: Our objectives with this study were to describe the frequency of selected cooccurring health conditions and individualized education program (IEP) services and post-high school transition planning for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and identify disparities by sex, intellectual ability, race or ethnicity, and geographic area.

Methods: The study sample included 1787 adolescents born in 2004 who were identified as having autism through a health and education record review through age 16 years in 2020. These adolescents were part of a longitudinal population-based surveillance birth cohort from the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network from 2004 to 2020 in 5 US catchment areas.

Individualized Education Programs and Transition Planning for Adolescents With Autism.

Objectives: The study objectives were to examine the contents of individualized education programs (IEPs) of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including postsecondary transition goals, services, and changes in special education classification over time.

Methods: This study involved a longitudinal population-based surveillance cohort from the Autism Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network from 2002 to 2018 in 3 catchment areas in the United States. The sample included 322 adolescents who were born in 2002, identified with ASD, and had an IEP available for review at ages 15-16 years.

The Prevalence and Characteristics of Children With Profound Autism, 15 Sites, United States, 2000-2016.

Objectives: Autism spectrum disorder (autism) is a heterogeneous condition that poses challenges in describing the needs of individuals with autism and making prognoses about future outcomes. We applied a newly proposed definition of profound autism to surveillance data to estimate the percentage of children with autism who have profound autism and describe their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.

Methods: We analyzed population-based surveillance data from the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network for 20 135 children aged 8 years with autism during 2000-2016.

Early Identification of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 4 Years - Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2020.

Problem/condition: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Period Covered: 2020.

Description Of System: The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network is an active surveillance program that estimates prevalence and characteristics of ASD and monitors timing of ASD identification among children aged 4 and 8 years.

Prevalence and Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years - Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2020.

Problem/condition: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Period Covered: 2020.

Description Of System: The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network is an active surveillance program that provides estimates of the prevalence of ASD among children aged 8 years.

Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Diagnostic Patterns, Co-occurring Conditions, and Transition Planning.

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to describe child characteristics associated with later autism spectrum disorder (ASD) identification and the health status and educational transition plans of adolescents with ASD.

Methods: Longitudinal population-based surveillance cohort from the Autism Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network during 2002-2018 in five catchment areas in the United States. Participants included 3,148 children born in 2002 whose records were first reviewed for ASD surveillance in 2010.

The role of intellectual disability with autism spectrum disorder and the documented cooccurring conditions: A population-based study.

Previous research has identified that patterns of cooccurring conditions (CoCs) associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) differ based on the presence of intellectual disability (ID). This study explored the association of documented CoCs among 8-year-old children with ASD and ID (ASD+ID, n = 2416) and ASD without ID (ASD-ID, n = 5372) identified by the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, surveillance years (SYs) 2012 and 2014. After adjusting for demographic variables, record source, surveillance site, and SY, children with ASD+ID, as compared with children with ASD-ID, were more likely to have histories of nonspecific developmental delays and neurological disorders documented in their records but were less likely to have behavioral and psychiatric disorders.

Defining in Detail and Evaluating Reliability of DSM-5 Criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Among Children.

This paper describes a process to define a comprehensive list of exemplars for seven core Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and report on interrater reliability in applying these exemplars to determine ASD case classification. Clinicians completed an iterative process to map specific exemplars from the CDC Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network criteria for ASD surveillance, DSM-5 text, and diagnostic assessments to each of the core DSM-5 ASD criteria. Clinicians applied the diagnostic exemplars to child behavioral descriptions in existing evaluation records to establish initial reliability standards and then for blinded clinician review in one site (phase 1) and for two ADDM Network surveillance years (phase 2).

Early Identification of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 4 Years - Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2018.

Problem/condition: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Period Covered: 2018.

Description Of System: The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network is an active surveillance program that estimates ASD prevalence and monitors timing of ASD identification among children aged 4 and 8 years.

Prevalence and Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years - Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2018.

Problem/condition: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Period Covered: 2018.

Description Of System: The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network conducts active surveillance of ASD.

Development of an interactive tool of early social responsiveness to track autism risk in infants and toddlers.

Aim: To evaluate the psychometric properties of a 4-minute assessment designed to identify early autism spectrum disorder (ASD) status through evaluation of early social responsiveness (ESR).

Method: This retrospective, preliminary study included children between 13 and 24 months (78 males, 79 females mean age 19.4mo, SD 3.

Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years - Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2016.

Problem/condition: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Period Covered: 2016.

Description Of System: The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network is an active surveillance program that provides estimates of the prevalence of ASD among children aged 8 years whose parents or guardians live in 11 ADDM Network sites in the United States (Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Georgia, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, New Jersey, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Wisconsin).

Oatmeal consumption is associated with better diet quality and lower body mass index in adults: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2001-2010.

Data from the 2001-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed to assess the relationship between oatmeal consumption and nutrient intake, diet quality, and physiological measures in adults 19 years and older (n = 22,823). We hypothesized that oatmeal consumption is associated with a more favorable nutrient intake profile, better diet quality, and healthier physiological end points. Oatmeal consumers (n = 1429) were defined as those who had consumed any amount of cooked oatmeal cereal during a 24-hour recall period.

Cooked oatmeal consumption is associated with better diet quality, better nutrient intakes, and reduced risk for central adiposity and obesity in children 2-18 years: NHANES 2001-2010.

Background: None of the studies of whole grains that have looked either at diet or weight/adiposity measures have focused exclusively on oatmeal.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the association between oatmeal consumption and nutrient intake, diet quality, and weight/adiposity of children aged 2-18.

Design: A nationally representative sample of children aged 2-18 (N=14,690) participating in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2010 was used.

Stearidonic acid-enriched soybean oil increased the omega-3 index, an emerging cardiovascular risk marker.

A plant source of omega-3 fatty acid (FA) that can raise tissue eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and/or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is needed. A soybean oil (SBO) containing approximately 20% stearidonic acid [SDA; the delta-6 desaturase product of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)] derived from genetically modified soybeans is under development. This study compared the effects of EPA to SDA-SBO on erythrocyte EPA+DHA levels (the omega-3 index).

Effect of substitution of high stearic low linolenic acid soybean oil for hydrogenated soybean oil on fatty acid intake.

High stearic, low alpha-linolenic acid soybean oil (HSLL) has been developed via traditional breeding to serve as a substitute for partially hydrogenated soybean oils used in food manufacturing. The purpose of this study was to estimate the impact on fatty acid intake in the United States if HSLL were substituted for partially hydrogenated soybean oils used in several food categories, including baked goods, shortenings, fried foods, and margarines. Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data (1999-2002), baseline intakes of five fatty acids and trans fatty acids (TFA) were determined at the mean and 90th percentile of fat consumption.

Effect of substitution of low linolenic acid soybean oil for hydrogenated soybean oil on fatty acid intake.

Low linolenic acid soybean oil (LLSO) has been developed as a substitute for hydrogenated soybean oil to reduce intake of trans FA while improving stability and functionality in processed foods. We assessed the dietary impact of substitution of LLSO for hydrogenated soybean oil (HSBO) used in several food categories. All substitutions were done using an assumption of 100% market penetration.

Stearidonic acid increases the red blood cell and heart eicosapentaenoic acid content in dogs.

Plant sources of omega-3 fatty acids (FA) are needed that can materially raise tissue levels of long-chain omega-3 FA [i.e., eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 20:6n-3)].

Time versus frequency domain techniques for assessing baroreflex sensitivity.

Background: Newer techniques to evaluate baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) are based on the analysis of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) time series in the time or frequency domain. These novel approaches are steadily gaining popularity, since they do not require injection of vasoactive substances, nor do they rely on a complex experimental set-up.

Aim: This review outlines and compares some basic features of the latest methods to assess spontaneous baroreflex function.

Sympathovagal interplay in the control of overall blood pressure variability in unanesthetized rats.

The role of sympathetic and parasympathetic influences in the control of overall blood pressure variability was studied in chronically instrumented, freely behaving Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) subjected to sympathectomy by 6-hydroxydopamine (100 micrograms/kg ip) twice in 1 wk (effectiveness verified by abolition of pressor and tachycardic response to tyramine, 150 mg/kg i.v.) and/or to cholinergic blockade by atropine (0.

Spontaneous variability of regional haemodynamics in unanaesthetized rats.

Aim: To study the spontaneous variability in regional haemodynamics.

Methods: Twenty normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats were chronically instrumented with an arterial catheter and with pulsed Doppler flowmeters on the distal aorta, and the superior mesenteric and left renal arteries. After surgical recovery, the rats were monitored in unrestrained conditions.