Design of model-based control strategies for a novel MISO PEM fuel cell control structure.

Voltage control is critical for the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. However, accurately controlling voltage is challenging, specifically during the current variation. The present study proposes a novel multiple-input single-output (MISO) control structure for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system to improve performance.

Ultrasonication-Assisted and Benzimidazolium-Based Brønsted Acid Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Transesterification of Castor Oil.

In this investigation, we report the synthesis of biodiesel using benzimidazolium-based brønsted acid ionic liquid (BBAIL) catalyst under the influence of ultrasonication. The prepared BBAIL catalyst was characterized by Fourier transform infrared and NMR spectroscopy techniques, and its acidity was determined by the Hammett method with 4-nitroaniline as the indicator. Ultrasonicator horn (22 kHz, 500 W) was used in this work with an on-off cycle of 50-20 s at 70% amplitude.

Neuro-estimator based GMC control of a batch reactive distillation.

In this paper, an artificial neural network (ANN)-based nonlinear control algorithm is proposed for a simulated batch reactive distillation (RD) column. In the homogeneously catalyzed reactive process, an esterification reaction takes place for the production of ethyl acetate. The fundamental model has been derived incorporating the reaction term in the model structure of the nonreactive distillation process.