Inhaler Competence in Nepalese Patients with Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmunory Disease: A Systematic Review.

Background: Incorrect use of inhalers in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is prevalent internationally. This review aims to determine the prevalence and associated factors of incorrect inhaler use and effectiveness of intervention to improve the correct use among Nepalese patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Methods: The protocol was registered in PROSPERO.

A multicenter survey study of antifibrotic use for symptomatic patients with post-COVID-19 interstitial lung abnormalities.

Background: Little data exist on antifibrotic drugs for treating symptomatic patients with persistent interstitial lung abnormalities in the postacute phase of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Herein, we describe the physician practices of prescribing pirfenidone and nintedanib for these patients and the physician-assessed response.

Materials And Methods: This was a multicenter, retrospective survey study of subjects administered pirfenidone or nintedanib for post-COVID-19 interstitial lung abnormalities.

Convex probe endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial/transoesophageal fine needle aspiration (C-EBUS-TBNA/EUS-B FNA) of pleural lesions: A single center experience and review of literature.

The evaluation of pleural diseases has been well established. If pleurocentensis is non-diagnostic, the second investigation depending upon availability could be either closed pleural biopsy or image guided pleural biopsy or thoracoscopic pleural biopsy (medical or surgical). Pleural disease presenting as thickness/mass/nodule in the mediastinum is difficult to access through ultrasound or computed tomography and will need thoracoscopy.

Multivitamin pill aspiration leading to hemorrhagic bronchial necrosis.

This article highlights the serious but reversible effects of multivitamin pill aspiration into the lungs. If diagnosed early and treated promptly the harmful effects of the pill constituents on the lungs and airways can be attenuated. An early bronchoscopy and a high index of suspicion is required in order not to miss these events.

Pyrexia, Lung nodules, Granulomas: Pulmonary Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis.

The differential diagnosis of pyrexia, lung nodules and granulomas includes tuberculosis, vasculitis and rarely a malignancy. In countries where tuberculosis or histoplasmosis is endemic, these are the first consideration and often ruled out by microbiological investigations. Vasculitis like granulomatosis with polyangitis (Wegener's granulomatosis), Churg strauss syndrome and sarcoidosis, which are the second consideration, are ruled out by serological investigations.

Diagnostic performance of various tests and criteria employed in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: a latent class analysis.

Aim: The efficiency of various investigations and diagnostic criteria used in diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) remain unknown, primarily because of the lack of a gold standard. Latent class analysis (LCA) can provide estimates of sensitivity and specificity in absence of gold standard. Herein, we report the performance of various investigations and criteria employed in diagnosis of ABPA.

Immune restoration syndrome with disseminated Penicillium marneffei and cytomegalovirus co-infections in an AIDS patient.

Background: Penicillium marneffei is a dimorphic fungus, endemic in South-east Asia. The fungus causes severe disease in immunocompromised patients such as AIDS. However, no case of immune restoration disease of Penicillium marneffei is reported in literature from a non-endemic area.