O1 and O139 isolates deploy cholera toxin (CT) and toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP) to cause the diarrhoeal disease cholera. The and genes encoding CT and TCP are part of two acquired genetic elements, the CTX phage and pathogenicity island-1 (VPI-1), respectively. ToxR and ToxT proteins are the key regulators of virulence genes of O1 and O139.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe stringent response, an adaptive response to nutrient limitation and exposure to xenobiotics in bacteria, is mediated by two intracellular signaling molecules, pppGpp and ppGpp, together called (p)ppGpp. The cellular level of (p)ppGpp in bacterial cells is controlled by the Rel/Spo family of proteins. In the cholera pathogen, , (p)ppGpp metabolism is regulated by the products of at least three genes , , and .
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