Chronic heat stress upregulates pyruvate metabolic process and gluconeogenesis but downregulates immune responses in Sahiwal cattle.

Climate change and growing population and their strain on animal production are the impending challenges that the developing countries, like India, need to tackle in the coming days. This study aimed to detect and analyze the uncharacterized variation in the gene expression patterns with the change of condition, from thermoneutral to chronic hot-humid, in the Sahiwal cattle, one of the best breeds of milk-producing cattle in India, known for being heat-tolerant. Using RNA-Seq analysis on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), 4021 differentially expressed mRNAs (2772 upregulated, 1249 downregulated) and 1303 differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (769 upregulated, 534 downregulated) were identified, with the thresholds of false discovery rate < 0.

Recent Advances towards the Synthesis and Material Applications of Indoloindoles.

An important class of N-heteroacenes is indoloindoles which are air-stable, electron-rich and possess many tuneable properties. Initially, indoloindoles were explored for potential biological applications but current interest is based on their performance as photovoltaic materials. With growing applications of indoloindoles across multiple facets as organic functional materials, the need for efficient methods to synthesize and functionalize indoloindoles has taken a centre stage.