Umpolung Reactivity of in Situ Derived Aryl Hydrazones: An Asymmetric Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Strategy to Access Fused Pyrazolidines.

Herein, we report an intriguing cascade strategy for synthesizing optically active fused pyrazolidines featuring three contiguous stereogenic centers. The formyl-tethered enones are templates for the developed umpolung reactivity, showcasing diverse substrate adaptability with various arylhydrazines. The chiral phosphoric acid catalyst offers stereochemical guidance, forming the fused pyrazolidines with commendable to excellent stereoselectivities.

Nodular posterior scleritis mimicking melanotic choroidal melanoma: A diagnostic dilemma.

Purpose: To report a case of atypical nodular posterior scleritis mimicking as a melanotic choroidal melanoma.

Methods: Descriptive case report.

Results: A 38-year-old female presented with sudden onset diminution of vision, severe pain and redness in her right eye.

A One-Pot Cascade Strategy toward Organocatalytic Enantioselective Construction of Fused Benzimidazoles.

Herein, we describe an asymmetric assembly of -aromatic diamines and formyl tethered Michael acceptors forming chiral fused benzimidazoles. A cinchona-alkaloid-derived bifunctional squaramide catalyst enables the methodology through on-site dihydrobenzimidazole formation followed by an aza-Michael addition/oxidation cascade. This protocol stands out for its excellent catalytic efficiency over the background reaction and its mild conditions, making it more practical.

Studies on cationic ocular emulsions containing bipartitioned oil droplets to codeliver cyclosporin A and etodolac.

To prepare ocular emulsions containing bipartitioned oil droplets to entrap cyclosporin A (0.05% w/w) and etodolac (0.2% w/w) by using castor, olive and silicon oils.

Blood within the bone: orbital intraosseous venous malformation.

Purpose: Description of clinical features, radiological characteristics, and management strategies in primary orbital intraosseous venous malformation (OIVM) with pertinent literature review.

Methods: A retrospective analysis including clinical, radiologic, operative, and histopathological data of six cases of histopathologically proven OIVM was done. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using online databases and augmented with manual search to identify reported cases of OIVM.

Post-chemotherapy changes in retinal pigment epithelium in retinoblastoma eyes.

Objective: Histopathological analysis of the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) changes in retinoblastoma (RB) cases who received pre-surgical chemotherapy.

Design: Laboratory-based observational study.

Methods: Five-year analysis was performed to identify Retinoblastoma cases who underwent enucleation after receiving systemic chemotherapy.

Comprehensive Analysis of Solar Panel Performance and Correlations with Meteorological Parameters.

To mitigate the adverse effects of fossil fuel-based energy, mankind is in constant search of clean and cost-effective sources of energy, such as solar energy. The economic viability of a power plant to harness solar energy mostly depends on the efficiency of solar panels. Investigations over the years show that the solar panel efficiency significantly depends on the different meteorological parameters.

Transmittance characteristics of transparent hydrophobic acrylic foldable intraocular lenses that were in vivo for a prolonged period of time: A UV visible spectrophotometric study.

Purpose: To record experimental data on the spectral transmittance characteristics of transparent hydrophobic acrylic foldable IOLs, which were in vivo for a prolonged period of time and explanted under clinical indications and also to compare the data with that of corresponding control and crystalline lens along with review of the relevant literature.

Method: Material and make of each of the explanted intraocular lenses (IOLs) as well as pre-explantation clinical status of the eyes were confirmed from the medical record. The transmittance of wavelength from 185 to 900 nm of each of the selected IOLs was measured using Shimadzu UV 2600 UV visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer in double-beam configuration and probe version 2.

Hydrazine Hydrate in Asymmetric Synthesis: A Bifunctional Squaramide Catalytic Approach toward Fused Pyrazolines.

A unified strategy has been developed to utilize hydrazine hydrate in asymmetric organic synthesis by overcoming the rapid background reaction with dienone. The H-bond donor ability of the cinchona-alkaloid-derived squaramide catalyst unlocks this previously deemed infeasibility. The dissymmetric hydrazine addition to symmetrical dienones tolerates various substitutions, resulting in the formation of optically pure fused pyrazoline derivatives under mild reaction conditions.

Malignant choroidal melanoma with vitreous seeds: supported by histopathology and field emission scanning electron microscopy study.

To report an exceptionally rare case of malignant choroidal melanoma with vitreous seeding, supported by histopathological and field emission scanning electron microscopic (FESEM) studies. A 58-year-old male with painless diminution of vision in his left eye for past 1 month was found to have a brown retrolental mass lesion on slit lamp examination in the left eye. Detailed fundus examination revealed choroidal melanoma in the left eye with pigmented seeds extending into the vitreous cavity and associated exudative retinal detachment.

Parasitic Eye Diseases: Nuances in Rapid Identification and Advanced Microscopy.

Aim: To study parasitic eye diseases in a tertiary institute of North-east India by live examination of parasites, rapid staining, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Methods: A 12-year retrospective analysis was performed and all patients diagnosed with ocular parasitic diseases were identified. Examination under a compound microscope, fluorescein staining, and scanning electron microscopy were done.

Validation of urinary reproductive hormone measurements using a novel smartphone connected reader.

Home use tests to monitor hormone trends during the menstrual cycle have been available over-the-counter for a long time. However, these tests often depend upon manual readouts and hence may lead to false analysis. Furthermore, a lot of these tests are also not quantitative.

Histopathology of pigment dispersion syndrome and glaucoma: A Case Report.

Pigment dispersion syndrome (PDS) can have varied manifestations. Anterior and posterior segment involvement by dispersed pigments was documented in gross pathology and by staining under microscopy. Pigmentary changes in the sclera, cornea, anterior chamber, iris, trabecular meshwork, lens, and retinal pigment epithelium and optic nerve findings were consistent with PDS.

Nanotherapeutic potential of antibacterial folic acid-functionalized nanoceria for wound-healing applications.

The functionalization and characterization of antibacterial nanoceria with folic acid (FA) and elucidation of their wound-healing application. Functionalization of nanoceria were done with FA using a chemical method and their antibacterial activity, cellular biocompatibility and wound-healing application were evaluated. The functionalization of nanoceria with FA was done with 10-20 nm size and -20.

Intraocular and neuro-cysticercosis with diffuse stromal choroiditis.

Intraocular cysticercosis with central nervous system involvement is not that rare. We report a male child with a right-sided painful blind eye who had intraocular cysticercosis and granuloma in the left frontal lobe of the brain. There was an incidental finding of chronic inflammation in the choroid of that eye supported by histopathology.

Predicting serum hormone concentration by estimation of urinary hormones through a home-use device.

Study Question: Can a home-use device be used to predict serum hormone levels?

Summary Answer: A home-use device can predict urinary hormone values which are well-correlated to serum concentrations of respective hormones and hence can be used as a proxy for serum measurements.

What Is Known Already: Home-use devices that predict ovulation are calibrated against the actual day of ovulation. However, the correlation of any quantitative system to serum hormone concentrations has not been established.

Studies on spray dried topical ophthalmic emulsions containing cyclosporin A (0.05% w/w): systematic optimization, in vitro preclinical toxicity and in vivo assessments.

Cyclosporin A (CsA, 0.05% w/w)-loaded positively charged emulsions were prepared based on castor oil, chitosan, poloxamer 188, glycerin and double-distilled water. To augment the shelf/storage-stability of original emulsions, the solid-dry powder for reconstitution was made by spray drying technique.

Bare Eye Detection of Bacterial Enzymes of with Polymer Modified Nanoporous Silicon Rugate Filters.

The fabrication, characterization and application of a nanoporous Silicon Rugate Filter (pSiRF) loaded with an enzymatically degradable polymer is reported as a bare eye detection optical sensor for enzymes of pathogenic bacteria, which is devoid of any dyes. The nanopores of pSiRF were filled with poly(lactic acid) (PLA), which, upon enzymatic degradation, resulted in a change in the effective refractive index of the pSiRF film, leading to a readily discernible color change of the sensor. The shifts in the characteristic fringe patterns before and after the enzymatic reaction were analyzed quantitatively by Reflectometric Interference Spectroscopy (RIfS) to estimate the apparent kinetics and its dependence on enzyme concentration.

Forecasting adversities of COVID-19 waves in India using intelligent computing.

The second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic outburst triggered enormously all over India. This ill-fated and fatal brawl affected millions of Indian citizens, with many active and infected Indians struggling to recover from this deadly disease to date, leading to a grief situation. The present situation warrants developing a robust and sound forecasting model to evaluate the adversities of the epidemic with reasonable accuracy to assist officials in curbing this hazard.

IgG4-related disease as multiple head and neck swellings: supported by histopathology and immunohistochemistry.

A 66-year-old North-East Indian male presented with bilateral eyelid swelling, ptosis, and bilateral submandibular gland enlargement. Dry skin on both arms was another peculiar complaint. Contrast enhanced CT scans revealed homogenously enhancing, diffusely enlarged lacrimal glands and blood investigations showed raised serum IgG4 levels.

Raman Spectroscopy of six explanted acrylic hydrophobic foldable intraocular lenses with glistening.

Purpose: To study and interpret Raman spectra of six explanted acrylic hydrophobic foldable intraocular lenses (HFIOLs) with grade six microvacuoles and to understand the possible mechanism for microvacuole formation.

Methods: Clinical data, slit-lamp photographs, and optical microphotographs of the explanted analytes were obtained. RS of the analytes were registered using a confocal Raman microscope (Lab RAM HR Evolution, Horiba Jobin Yvon) and Horiba Lab Space 6 Spectroscopy Suite software.