Impact of text-only versus large text-and-picture alcohol warning formats: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study in French young male drinkers.

Background: Although the World Health Organization recommends visible and clear warning labels about the risks of alcohol consumption on containers and advertising, many of the currently used labels are too small to be visible. This study investigated the brain activity (using fMRI) and alcohol consumption intentions of French young men exposed to two warning formats displayed on alcoholic beverage advertisements: a small Text-only Alcohol Warning (TAW) currently used in many countries, and a larger text-and-picture alcohol warning (PAW).

Methods: Seventy-four eligible 18-25-year-old male drinkers completed a face-to-face individual visit with a physician expert in addiction medicine.

Youth behavioural responses to regulated alcohol advertising content: Results from a mixed-methods study in France.

Objectives: The World Health Organization advocates measures regulating alcohol advertising content, as illustrated by the French Évin law. However, how people react to such regulation has been under-investigated. The research reported here has two objectives: to analyze how different advertising contents (regulated or not) affect the persuasion process from attention to behavioural responses, and whether young people are protected; to examine how alcohol warnings perform depending on their salience and the advertising content displayed (regulated or not).

Respiratory syncytial virus in pediatric patients with severe acute respiratory infections in Senegal: findings from the 2022 sentinel surveillance season.

In 2022, many regions around the world experienced a severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) epidemic with an earlier-than-usual start and increased numbers of paediatric patients in emergency departments. Here we carried out this study to describe the epidemiology and genetic characteristics of RSV infection in patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory infections in 2022. Samples were tested for RSV by multiplex real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.

Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing and its determinants among outpatient children in 3 low- and middle-income countries: A multicentric community-based cohort study.

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a global public health issue, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where antibiotics required to treat resistant infections are not affordable. LMICs also bear a disproportionately high burden of bacterial diseases, particularly among children, and resistance jeopardizes progress made in these areas. Although outpatient antibiotic use is a major driver of antibiotic resistance, data on inappropriate antibiotic prescribing in LMICs are scarce at the community level, where the majority of prescribing occurs.

Stillbirths and neonatal mortality in LMICs: A community-based mother-infant cohort study.

Background: The exact timing, causes, and circumstances of stillbirth and neonatal mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remain poorly described, especially for antenatal stillbirths and deaths occurring at home. We aimed to provide reliable estimates of the incidence of stillbirth and neonatal death in three LMICs (Madagascar, Cambodia and Senegal) and to identify their main causes and associated risk factors.

Methods: This study is based on data from an international, multicentric, prospective, longitudinal, community-based mother-infant cohort.

Vaccination Coverage and Risk Factors Associated With Incomplete Vaccination Among Children in Cambodia, Madagascar, and Senegal.

Background: Vaccination reduces mortality from infectious disease, which is the leading cause of death in children under 5 and bears a particularly high burden in low- and middle-income countries. The Global Vaccine Action Plan (2011-2020) has set a target of 90% vaccine coverage for all vaccines included in national immunization programs by 2020. The objectives of this study were to estimate vaccine coverage among children in Madagascar, Cambodia, and Senegal and to identify the risk factors associated with incomplete vaccination.

[Extrapodal mycetomas in Senegal: epidemiological, clinical and etiological study of 82 cases diagnosed from 2000 to 2020].

Objectives: Although the foot remains the main localization of mycetomas, extrapodal attacks, which are rarely studied, are also possible and occur either initially or following an extension. The objectives were to describe the epidemiological, clinical and etiological features of extrapodal mycetomas in Senegal.

Methodology: Cross-sectional and retrospective study with multicentric enrollment in four reference department, two of which are in dermatology and two in orthopedics and traumatology.

Excess risk of subsequent infection in hospitalized children from a community cohort study in Cambodia and Madagascar.

Background: Children in low- and middle-income countries are particularly vulnerable in the months following an initial health event (IHE), with increased risk of mortality caused mostly by infectious diseases. Due to exposure to a wide range of environmental stressors, hospitalization in itself might increase child vulnerability at discharge. The goal of this study was to disentangle the role of hospitalization on the risk of subsequent infection.

[Evaluation of motivational factors of adolescent patients for orthodontic treatment using the Q methodology].

The management of adolescents in the orthodontic practice remains a challenge in terms of motivation and adherence to treatment. Some factors seem to be of paramount importance in the success of treatment. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the motivational factors of adolescent patients seeking orthodontic treatment using the Q methodology.

Vitamin A Supplementation in Children in Guédiawaye Health District, Senegal.

To assess the coverage rate of routine vitamin A supplementa tion, a descriptive study was carried out in the Guédiawaye Health District. The coverage rate for vitamin A supplementation was 48.6%.

Severe bacterial neonatal infections in Madagascar, Senegal, and Cambodia: A multicentric community-based cohort study.

Background: Severe bacterial infections (SBIs) are a leading cause of neonatal deaths in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, most data came from hospitals, which do not include neonates who did not seek care or were treated outside the hospital. Studies from the community are scarce, and few among those available were conducted with high-quality microbiological techniques.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Maternal Group B Streptococcus Colonization in Madagascar and Senegal.

Maternal group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonization is a major risk factor for neonatal GBS infection. However, data on GBS are scarce in low- and middle-income countries. Using sociodemographic data and vaginal swabs collected from an international cohort of mothers and newborns, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of GBS colonization among pregnant women in Madagascar (n = 1,603) and Senegal (n = 616).

Un cas de COVID-19 compliqué d´embolie avec deux tests PCR initialement négatifs malgré des signes scanographiques.

La maladie à coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) déclarée en Chine en fin 2019 s´est rapidement généralisée aux autres continents. Son diagnostic se fait par test PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) sur des prélèvements naso-pharyngés. Ce test bien que spécifique est d´une sensibilité moindre comparé à la TDM thoracique.

What community-based public health approaches in West Africa for COVID-19 epidemic? A reflection based on the African socio-cultural context.

The social and cultural dimensions of health influence the course of disease and condition the success of health interventions. In Africa, previous epidemics such as Ebola have shown the importance of contextualizing health interventions. This literature review contributes to the reflection on the analysis of community-based interventions in the context of the particularities of West Africa in the fight against the pandemic in COVID-19.

COVID-19 au Sénégal: réflexion d´un microbiologiste.

Les maladies respiratoires particulièrement le COVID-19 constituent un problème majeur de santé publique dans le monde. Depuis mars 2020, le Sénégal a enregistré 299 cas de COVID-19 dont 183 guéris et seulement deux cas sévères. Aussi environ 20000 personnes en contact étroit avec les malades ont été testés négatifs.

What caused neonatal deaths in Senegal in 2017? a secondary analysis of 2017 DHS.

Introduction: in Senegal, the fight for newborn and child survival is a public health priority. The aim of this study is to analyze the factors associated with neonatal deaths in Senegal in 2017.

Methods: this article used data from the Senegal Demographic and Health Survey 2017.

[Risk perception of COVID-19 pandemic among health care providers: qualitative study conducted at the King Baudoin Hospital in Guédiawaye, the first hospital faced with managing a community-acquired COVID-19 case in Senegal].

Introduction: health care systems in West Africa have been under strain since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. The exposure of health personnel to infection during the COVID-19 pandemic has been reported in several studies. The purpose of this study was to analyze health workers' actual and perceived risk in the first hospital faced with managing a community-acquired COVID-19 case in Senegal.

[Sorting and detection of COVID-19 by low-dose thoracic CT scan in patients consulting the radiology department of Fann hospital (Dakar-Senegal)].

Introduction: COVID-19 has spread rapidly since its emergence in China and is currently a global health issue. Its definitive diagnosis is made by PCR on nasopharyngeal swabs. However, this diagnostic test has low sensitivity with delayed results.

False ground-glass opacity and suspicion of COVID-19, beware of the technique for performing the CT.

Ground-glass opacity is a CT sign that is currently experiencing renewed interest since it is very common in patients with COVID-19. However, this sign is not specific to any disease. Besides, the possibility of false positive ground-glass opacity related to insufficient inspiration during the acquisition of the chest CT should be known.

Orthopantomographic analysis of the intraosseus position of the maxillary canines.

The aim of this work was to analyse the intraosseous position of the maxillary canine in orthodontic patients. It was an exploratory pilot study prior to the next research work to develop a predictive model based on a regression analysis initially including a large number of variables. 105 subjects from 6 to 12 years from both genders were included in this study.

[Relationships between the size of the adenoids and the dental arch measurements].

Introduction: Enlarged adenoids are often associated with oral breathing. The latter can impact the dental arches. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between dental arch measurements and the size of adenoids.