Variable effects of non-falciparum species infections on malaria disease severity in high transmission regions in Senegal.

In malaria endemic countries, non-falciparum species are often mixed with Plasmodium falciparum in patients with uncomplicated malaria, and their contribution to malaria severity and death is poorly studied. This study assesses the contribution of non-falciparum species to malaria severity in three regions of Senegal with the highest malaria incidence.We analysed 617 blood samples obtained between 2015 and 2021 from confirmed malaria patients at health facilities in Kedougou, Kolda and Tambacounda in Senegal.

Insecticide Resistance and Target-Site Mutations , , and in Populations in a Low-Malaria-Transmission Zone in the Sudanian Region of Senegal.

Significant progress in malaria control has been achieved through long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS), raising hopes for malaria elimination. However, emerging insecticide resistance threatens these gains. This study assessed the susceptibility of populations to public health insecticides, examined the frequencies of , , and mutations, and explored their associations with phenotypic resistance in Dielmo and Ndiop, Senegal.

Preoperative mortality risk evaluation in abdominal surgical emergencies: development and internal validation of the NDAR score from a national multicenter audit in Senegal.

Introduction: Abdominal surgical emergencies have a high mortality rate. Effective management primarily relies on the early identification of patients at high risk of postoperative complications. The objective of our study was to determine the prognostic factors associated with poor outcomes from abdominal surgical emergencies in Senegal and to establish a predictive score for mortality for preoperative risk evaluation (NDAR (New Death Assessment Risk) score).

Persistent carriage of subpatent Plasmodium falciparum parasites associated with clinical malaria in a low transmission area in Senegal.

Objectives: In low malaria transmission areas, the elimination of the disease has been hampered partly by the existence of a reservoir of subpatent Plasmodium falciparum infections within communities. This reservoir, often undetected, serves as a source of parasites and contributes to ongoing transmission and clinical malaria cases.

Methods: This study, spanning a period of 9 years from June 2014 to December 2022, examined individual variations and long-term subpatent P.

Dengue 1 outbreak in Rosso, northern Senegal, October 2021: entomologic investigations.

Senegal has experienced periodic epidemics of dengue in urban areas with increased incidence in recent years. However, few data are available on the local ecology of the epidemic vectors. In October 2021, a dengue outbreak was reported in northern Senegal to the Institute Pasteur de Dakar.

Development and comparative evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD and N based ELISA tests in various African endemic settings.

Management of the COVID-19 pandemic relies on molecular diagnostic methods supported by serological tools. Herein, we developed S-RBD- and N- based ELISA assays useful for infection rate surveillance as well as the follow-up of acquired protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2. ELISA assays were optimized using COVID-19 Tunisian patients' sera and prepandemic controls.

The effect of the 7R allele at the DRD4 locus on risk tolerance is independent of background risk in Senegalese fishermen.

It has been shown that living in risky environments, as well as having a risky occupation, can moderate risk-tolerance. Despite the involvement of dopamine in the expectation of reward described by neurobiologists, a GWAS study was not able to demonstrate a genetic contribution of genes involved in the dopaminergic pathway in risk attitudes and gene candidate studies gave contrasting results. We test the possibility that a genetic effect of the DRD4-7R allele in risk-taking behavior could be modulated by environmental factors.

Plasmodium infection is associated with cross-reactive antibodies to carbohydrate epitopes on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein.

Sero-surveillance can monitor and project disease burden and risk. However, SARS-CoV-2 antibody test results can produce false positive results, limiting their efficacy as a sero-surveillance tool. False positive SARS-CoV-2 antibody results are associated with malaria exposure, and understanding this association is essential to interpret sero-surveillance results from malaria-endemic countries.

Burden of anemia and intestinal parasites in farmers and family members and owned livestock in two geographic locations in Senegal before and during the rainy seasons.

Different environmental conditions can impact the burden of anemia and intestinal parasite infections in human and livestock populations. The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence of anemia and intestinal parasite infections in farmers, family members, and owned sheep in two geographic locations along the Senegal River in June (end of the dry season) and September (rainy season). , the prevalence of anemia in humans was high in June (74%) and remained high in September (75%) (p = 0.

Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Senegal: a national population-based cross-sectional survey, between October and November 2020.

Objectives: A nationwide cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted to capture the true extent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exposure in Senegal.

Methods: Multi-stage random cluster sampling of households was performed between October and November 2020, at the end of the first wave of COVID-19 transmission. Anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies were screened using three distinct ELISA assays.

Dengue vectors in Africa: A review.

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne-disease of growing public health importance in Africa. The continuous increase of number and frequency of outbreaks of dengue fever, especially in urban area in Africa underline the need to review the current data available on vectors involved in dengue virus transmission in Africa. Here, we summarized the available data on vectors involved in the transmission of dengue virus in the sylvatic and urban environments, vertical transmission, vector competence studies, and vector control strategies used in Africa.

Blood Feeding Patterns of Aedes aegypti Populations in Senegal.

Aedes aegypti plays an important role in the transmission of several arboviruses of medical importance. The availability of information on the blood-feeding preferences of mosquito vectors is a critical step in the understanding of the transmission of human pathogens and implementation of control strategies. In Senegal, no data currently exist on the feeding pattern of Ae.

Improvement of the antibody-dependent respiratory burst assay for assessing protective immune responses to malaria.

The antibody-dependent respiratory burst (ADRB) assay is a sensitive isoluminol-based chemiluminescence (CL) functional assay designed to assess the capacity of opsonizing antibodies against merozoites to induce neutrophil respiratory burst. ADRB was shown to measure protective immunity against malaria in endemic areas, but the assay needed further improvement to ensure better sensitivity and reproducibility. Here, we adjusted parameters such as the freezing-thawing procedure of merozoites, merozoites's concentration and the buffer solution's pH, and we used the improved assay to measure ADRB activity of 207 sera from 97 and 110 individuals living, respectively, in Dielmo and Ndiop villages with differing malaria endemicity.

Concordance between Self-reported Symptoms and Clinically Ascertained Peripheral Neuropathy among Childhood Cancer Survivors: the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study.

Background: Childhood cancer survivors are at elevated risk for motor and/or sensory neuropathy. The study aims to evaluate the concordance between self-report peripheral neuropathy compared with clinically ascertained peripheral neuropathy, and to identify factors associated with misclassification of peripheral neuropathy among survivors.

Methods: The concordance between self-report and clinically ascertained peripheral neuropathy was evaluated among 2,933 5+ years old childhood cancer survivors (mean age 33.

Yellow Fever Outbreak in Eastern Senegal, 2020-2021.

Yellow fever virus remains a major threat in low resource countries in South America and Africa despite the existence of an effective vaccine. In Senegal and particularly in the eastern part of the country, periodic sylvatic circulation has been demonstrated with varying degrees of impact on populations in perpetual renewal. We report an outbreak that occurred from October 2020 to February 2021 in eastern Senegal, notified and managed through the synergistic effort yellow fever national surveillance implemented by the Senegalese Ministry of Health in collaboration with the World Health Organization, the countrywide 4S network set up by the Ministry of Health, the Institut Pasteur de Dakar, and the surveillance of arboviruses and hemorrhagic fever viruses in human and vector populations implemented since mid 2020 in eastern Senegal.

Anemia and intestinal parasites in farmers and family members and sheep in two agro-ecological zones in Senegal.

The burden of anemia in Senegal is high, particularly in children and women in rural households. The main objectives of the study reported here were (i) to measure and compare the prevalence of anemia and intestinal parasitic infections in farmers and family members and sheep in two agro-ecological zones in Senegal and (ii) to examine the association between anemia and age or sex in farmers and family members. The study was conducted in Mpal (250 km from Dakar, the capital city) and Diawara (700 km from Dakar, a remote location near the Malian border).

Resting Behavior of Blood-Fed Females and Host Feeding Preferences of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Morphological Forms in Senegal.

Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) is the main vector of most arboviruses in tropical and subtropical urban areas. In West Africa, particularly in Senegal, domestic and wild populations have been described. Both Ae.

infection induces cross-reactive antibodies to carbohydrate epitopes on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein.

Individuals with acute malaria infection generated high levels of antibodies that cross-react with the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. Cross-reactive antibodies specifically recognized the sialic acid moiety on N-linked glycans of the Spike protein and do not neutralize SARS-CoV-2. Sero-surveillance is critical for monitoring and projecting disease burden and risk during the pandemic; however, routine use of Spike protein-based assays may overestimate SARS-CoV-2 exposure and population-level immunity in malaria-endemic countries.

[Nephrology in Sub-saharan Africa: Past, present, future].

Nephrology was a relatively poorly known specialty in sub-Saharan Africa until the early 1980s, because of low awareness and lack of access to diagnosis and renal replacement therapies. Nephrology has seen progress on the continent despite an unfavourable economic and geopolitical environment. With a prevalence of fewer than five nephrologists per million inhabitants, the training of nephrologists, now carried out on the continent, allowed to have more than 200 specialists trained in the last decade in French-speaking sub-Saharan Africa.