An Overview of the Management of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Six French-Speaking African Countries from 2018 to 2022.

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) poses a significant public health challenge, particularly in resource-limited settings. The prevalence and management of DR-TB in African countries require comprehensive strategies to improve patient outcomes and control the spread of the disease. Aggregated routine data (from 2018 to 2022) on multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) were collected from the National TB Programs (NTPs) from all six countries.

Cytotoxic and Pro-Apoptotic Effects of Leaves Extract of Engler ().

Engler leaves have been used in Senegalese folk medicine to treat breast cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the anticancer potential of Engler leaves using several human cancer cell lines. The leaves of Engler were extracted in parallel with water or 70% ethanol and each extract divided into three parts by successive liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate and butanol.

Africa is not a museum: the ethics of encouraging new parenting practices in rural communities in low-income and middle-income countries.

The Nurturing Care Framework for Early Childhood Development urges stakeholders to implement strategies that help children worldwide achieve their developmental potential. Related programmes range from the WHO's and UNICEF's Care for Child Development intervention, implemented in 19 countries, to locally developed programmes, such as non-governmental organisation Tostan's Reinforcement of Parental Practices in Senegal. However, some researchers argue that these programmes are unethical as they impose caregiving practices and values from high-income countries (HICs) on low-income communities, failing to consider local culture, communities' goals for their children and generalisability of scientific findings from HICs.

[Phalus sarcomatoid carcinoma, a case study].

The sarcomatoid carcinoma is a rare histological form, high grade malignancy, aggressive and dark prognosis. We report a (01) case in a young adult of 32 years. The aim of this work is to present, through a review of the literature, the epidemiological and morphological characteristics of this affection; and also to describe the difficulties that the pathologist may encounter in diagnosis of this condition.

Validity of caregiver-report measures of language skill for Wolof-learning infants and toddlers living in rural African villages.

Valid indigenous language assessments are needed to further our understanding of how children learn language around the world. We assessed the psychometric properties and performance of two caregiver-report measures of Wolof language skill (language milestones achieved and vocabulary knowledge) for 500 children (ages 0;4 to 2;6) living in rural Senegal. Item response models (IRM) evaluated instrument- and item-level performance and differential function by gender.

When Cultural Norms Discourage Talking to Babies: Effectiveness of a Parenting Program in Rural Senegal.

In some areas of rural Africa, long-standing cultural traditions and beliefs may discourage parents from verbally engaging with their young children. This study assessed the effectiveness of a parenting program designed to encourage verbal engagement between caregivers and infants in Wolof-speaking villages in rural Senegal. Caregivers (n = 443) and their 4- to 31-month-old children were observed at baseline in 2013 and 1 year later at follow-up.

Hepatosplenic tuberculosis simulating secondary malignant lesions with cholangitis.

Background: Hepatic and/or splenic tuberculosis may simulate much pathology including malignancies, which can roam the diagnosis. Biopsy is necessary for diagnosis. The treatment allows healing and a cleaning of radiological lesions.

Monitoring survey of the use patterns and pesticide residues on vegetables in the Niayes zone, Senegal.

The main objective of this work was to determine the impact of pesticide use practices on vegetables contamination in the Niayes zone of Dakar. A preliminary survey involving 200 farmers, showed the application of pesticides belonging to different groups on vegetable crops. Use practices in terms of application intervals and methods, measuring tools and dosage were not in compliance with good agricultural practices.

The role of human papillomavirus in head and neck cancer in Senegal.

Background: Exploring the presence and role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in head and neck cancer (HNC) is a necessary step to evaluate the potential impact of HPV prophylactic vaccines.

Objective: To assess the prevalence and oncogenic role of HPV in HNC in Senegal.

Methods: This is a multicenter cross-sectional study.

[Orbital mycetoma: a case report].

Introduction: Mycetomas are pathological processes through which exogenous fungal or actinomycotic etiological agents produce grains. These etiological agents live in the soil and plants of endemic areas. They are introduced traumatically, primarily into the foot.

Human papillomavirus distribution in invasive cervical carcinoma in sub-Saharan Africa: could HIV explain the differences?

Objectives: To describe human papillomavirus (HPV) distribution in invasive cervical carcinoma (ICC) from Mali and Senegal and to compare type-specific relative contribution among sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries.

Methods: A multicentric study was conducted to collect paraffin-embedded blocks of ICC. Polymerase chain reaction, DNA enzyme immunoassay and line probe assay were performed for HPV detection and genotyping.

Idiopathic sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis: a case in an adolescent girl.

Encapsulating peritonitis or "abdominal cocoon" is characterised by part or all of the digestive tube being encased in a thick membrane forming a sort of "cocoon". In addition to secondary forms related to peritoneal dialysis or those with drug related, inflammatory or tumour aetiologies, rare idiopathic forms have been described. We report here a case of an idiopathic form in a 15-year-old adolescent girl.

Icacina senegalensis (Icacinaceae), traditionally used for the treatment of malaria, inhibits in vitro Plasmodium falciparum growth without host cell toxicity.

Background: With the aim of discovering new natural active extracts against malaria parasites, Icacina senegalensis was selected after an ethnopharmacological survey conducted on plants used in traditional malaria treatment in Senegal.

Methods: Different concentrations of the plant extract and fractions were tested on synchronized Plasmodium falciparum cultures at the ring stage using the parasite lactate dehydrogenase assay. Their haemolytic activity and in vitro cytoxicity were evaluated.

[Merkel cell carcinoma of the gingival mucosa in a black young adult].

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive primary neuroendocrine neoplasm of the skin with a poor prognosis. It occurs mainly in the skin of white elderly patients. Its occurrence in intraoral mucosal sites is rare.

QSAR & complex network study of the HMGR inhibitors structural diversity.

Efficient drugs such as statins or mevinic acids are inhibitors of the rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR), an enzyme responsible for the double reduction of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A. These compounds promoted the synthesis and evaluation of new inhibitors for HMGR, named HMGRIs. The high number of possible candidates creates the necessity of Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship models in order to guide the HMGRI (3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A inhibitor) synthesis.

[Quality control of antibiotics used in Senegal].

To slow the spread of bacterial resistance and promote safety in the use of medicines, development of quality control tools is indispensable. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of several antibiotic agents used in Senegal and to assess the utility of the mini laboratory as a quality control tool. The mini laboratory and all materials necessary for this study were provided by the German Pharma Health Fund.

[Study of the contents in fat, in protein and in vitamin D of powdered milk varieties sold in Dakar].

Introduction: The powdered milk is a much appreciated food in Senegal. However no particular control is realized by authorities on the various marks of milk imported before their marketing. In the concern to protect the health of the consumers, but especially in front of the very big variety of the sources of supply in this product we determined the contents in fat, in protein and in vitamin D main variety show of marketed powdered milk Dakar.

[Control of the quality of antiretroviral medicines used in Senegal].

Introduction: Success of any program to fight AIDS passes through out quality of antiretroviral medicines. The control and follow-up of the quality of these medicines constitute essential levers to guarantee quality. Our study aims to evaluate the quality of antiretroviral medicines used in Senegal by means of a mini laboratory from the German Pharmaceutical Health Fund.