Effect of HIV-1 subtype and tropism on treatment with chemokine coreceptor entry inhibitors; overview of viral entry inhibition.

HIV-1 entry begins with viral envelope glycoprotein gp120 interacting with host-cell CD4 and an entry coreceptor (mainly chemokine receptors CCR5 or CXCR4). Inhibitors of particular coreceptors are being developed in order to exploit this step of cellular infection. However, effectiveness of these drugs requires matching of the administered therapeutic to coreceptor use by the viral variants infecting each patient.

Epidemiology of Hantavirus infections in humans: a comprehensive, global overview.

Hantaviruses comprise an emerging global threat for public health, affecting about 30,000 humans annually. Infection may lead to Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in the Americas and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in the Europe and Asia. Humans are spillover hosts, acquiring infection primarily through the inhalation of aerosolized excreta from infected rodents and insectivores.

Hantavirus infections for the clinician: from case presentation to diagnosis and treatment.

Hantaviruses cause Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS; also called Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome) in the Americas and Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) in Asia and Europe. In Scandinavia and northern Europe, a milder form of HFRS is prevalent, termed nephropathica epidemica (NE). HPS presents with acute respiratory failure, mild-moderate renal failure, thrombocytopenia, and reactive lymphocytosis.