Potent antiproliferative activity of bradykinin B2 receptor selective agonist FR-190997 and analogue structures thereof: A paradox resolved?

Βradykinin stimulation of B2 receptor is known to activate the oncogenic ERK pathway and overexpression of bradykinin receptors B1 and B2 has been reported to occur in glioma, colorectal and cervical cancers. B1R and B2R antagonists have been shown to reverse tumor proliferation and invasion. Paradoxically, B1R and B2R agonism has also been reported to elicit antiproliferative benefits.