Publications by authors named "Diogo Santos"

Background:  Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) has already been described as a possible form of neural leprosy presentation. However, the median nerve can be involved in this neuropathy in proximal segments and, sometimes, with an asymmetric impairment of the digital branches.

Objective:  To detail the pattern of median nerve impairment through nerve conduction study (NCS) and ultrasound evaluation.

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Hormones are known to be involved in life-history trade-offs as systemic signals that establish functional links among traits and regulate key behavioural and physiological transitions between states in organisms. Although major functions of many steroid hormones such as testosterone are conserved among vertebrates, circulating concentrations vary widely both within and across species, and the degree to which observed hormone concentrations mediate life-history responses to environmental variation is less understood. In this study, we investigated how faecal testosterone metabolite (FTM) concentrations varied with extrinsic and intrinsic factors.

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Mining has played an important role in the economies of South American countries. Although industrial mining prevails in most countries, the expansion of garimpo activity has increased substantially. Recently, Brazil exhibited two moments of garimpo dominance over industrial mining: 1989-1997 and 2019-2022.

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This study aimed to identify laboratory factors predicting leprosy relapse (LR) after multi-drug therapy (MDT). A case-control study included 80 patients treated with MDT at a national reference center over 12 years. The Relapse Group had 40 patients who relapsed after an average of 89.

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Article Synopsis
  • Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a common yet often overlooked condition that can severely impact various aspects of a person's life, highlighting the need for tailored treatment guidelines, particularly in Brazil.
  • A systematic review analyzed various treatment options for SAD, identifying selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) as the preferred medication, with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) recognized as the top psychological intervention.
  • The study emphasizes the importance of considering factors like access to treatments, adherence, response rates, and side effects in selecting the most effective SAD treatment for patients in Brazil.
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Background: Priming strategies that improve the functionality of MSCs may be required to address issues limiting successful clinical translation of MSC therapies. For conditions requiring high trophic support such as brain and spinal cord injuries, priming MSCs to produce higher levels of trophic factors may be instrumental to facilitate translation of current MSC therapies. We developed and tested a novel molecular priming paradigm using docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to prime adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASCs) to enhance the secretome neuroregulatory potential.

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Background: Falls are known to cause injuries ranging from minor to severe, resulting in local or systemic lesions. Addressing prognostic factors associated with falls is crucial for preventing this adverse event through the implementation of patient care protocols. This study aimed to explore the epidemiological, clinical, and pharmacological prognostic factors influencing falls in adult and elderly patients, assessing the timing and impact of these factors using survival curve analysis.

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Background: Motor neuron disease (MND) is a well-known group of neurodegenerative diseases, with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) being the most common form. Since 1985, a possible association between MND/ALS and HIV infection has been described.

Methods: We performed a systematic review of case reports and case series involving people living with HIV with MND/ALS through PubMed, Bireme, Embase, and Lilacs databases.

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Background: Treatment failure (TF) in leprosy following multidrug therapy (MDT) presents a significant challenge. The current World Health Organization (WHO) fixed-duration MDT regimen, based on lesion count, might not be adequate. Leprosy lacks clear-cut objective cure criteria, and the predictive value of post-MDT histopathological findings remains uncertain.

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Placing implants in fresh postextraction sites is a borderline rehabilitation procedure. The purpose of this report is to describe the pre-, per-, and postoperative procedures for maintaining long-term stability of two full-arch rehabilitations through the All-on-4 protocol, performed in the presence of challenging conditions. Two patients were referred for full-arch rehabilitation with immediate function, with both patients presenting infection in the jaws: patient 1 with an implant (position #45) inserted in a cystic cavity; patient 2 with one implant (position #24) inserted transsinus after the removal of a cyst on the base of the maxillary sinus and another implant (position #15) inserted with a dehiscence.

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Article Synopsis
  • Leprosy is a disease that can cause nerve problems, and this study looked at how to find these issues using ultrasound (US) imaging.
  • The researchers compared the nerves of 53 leprosy patients with 53 healthy people, focusing on certain nerves in the arm and leg.
  • They found that many leprosy patients had thicker nerves, especially in the ulnar and tibial nerves, which helps doctors better diagnose and treat leprosy.
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Introduction: MODEL-AD (Model Organism Development and Evaluation for Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease) is creating and distributing novel mouse models with humanized, clinically relevant genetic risk factors to capture the trajectory and progression of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) more accurately.

Methods: We created the LOAD2 model by combining apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4), Trem2*R47H, and humanized amyloid-beta (Aβ). Mice were subjected to a control diet or a high-fat/high-sugar diet (LOAD2+HFD).

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Recommended standard treatment for leprosy is multidrugtherapy (MDT/WHO), consisting Rifampicin+Dapsone+Clofazimine. Other medications are recommended in cases of resistance, adverse reactions and intolerances, including ROM regimen, Rifampicin+Ofloxacin+Minocycline. Therefore, pharmacovigilance is an important tool in understanding these adverse drug reactions (ADRs), supporting pharmacotherapy management and medication safety.

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Introduction: The inflammatory response after spinal cord injury (SCI) is an important contributor to secondary damage. Infiltrating macrophages can acquire a spectrum of activation states, however, the microenvironment at the SCI site favors macrophage polarization into a pro-inflammatory phenotype, which is one of the reasons why macrophage transplantation has failed.

Methods: In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of the macrophage secretome for SCI recovery.

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Article Synopsis
  • Leprosy is a major cause of peripheral neuropathy and can lead to disabilities, with electroneuromyography (ENMG) being the primary method to assess nerve damage in patients.
  • A study analyzed the medical records of 513 leprosy patients in Brazil from 2014 to 2022, revealing significant nerve impairments, particularly affecting sensory and motor nerves.
  • Results indicated that while some patients had normal ENMG results, a large majority showed abnormal findings, highlighting the varying degree and type of nerve impairment based on different clinical forms of leprosy.
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Batteries are essential in modern society as they can power a wide range of devices, from small household appliances to large-scale energy storage systems. Safety concerns with traditional lithium-ion batteries prompted the emergence of new battery technologies, among them solid-state batteries (SSBs), offering enhanced safety, energy density, and lifespan. This paper reviews current state-of-the-art SSB electrolyte and electrode materials, as well as global SSB market trends and key industry players.

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Introduction: MODEL-AD is creating and distributing novel mouse models with humanized, clinically relevant genetic risk factors to more accurately mimic LOAD than commonly used transgenic models.

Methods: We created the LOAD2 model by combining APOE4, Trem2*R47H, and humanized amyloid-beta. Mice aged up to 24 months were subjected to either a control diet or a high-fat/high-sugar diet (LOAD2+HFD) from two months of age.

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Background: Neuropathic and venous leg ulcers are chronic wounds associated with devitalized tissue and recurrent infection. Management should be guided by accurate tissue assessment, including the use of planimetry, which provides tissue types as a percentage of the total wound bed surface area.

Objective: This innovative study aimed to assess and identify the wound bed tissues, as a percentage, of neuropathic and venous ulcers using digital planimetry, providing support to nurses optimize the management of necrotic tissues and, consequently, to avoid wound infection.

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Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts are frequently made from noble metal-based oxides like ruthenium/iridium oxides. However, because of their scarcity and high price, researchers are now focusing on creating innovative OER catalysts based on affordable transition metals that have improved electrical conductivity and accessibility to active sites. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a unique class of inorganic materials with excellent physical and chemical properties, have witnessed significant progress in promising green energy systems.

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Polymer electrolytes, a type of electrolyte used in lithium-ion batteries, combine polymers and ionic salts. Their integration into lithium-ion batteries has resulted in significant advancements in battery technology, including improved safety, increased capacity, and longer cycle life. This review summarizes the mechanisms governing ion transport mechanism, fundamental characteristics, and preparation methods of different types of polymer electrolytes, including solid polymer electrolytes and gel polymer electrolytes.

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Neuropeptide Y targets the Y1 receptor (Y1) in the spinal dorsal horn (DH) to produce endogenous and exogenous analgesia. DH interneurons that express Y1 (Y1-INs; encoded by Npy1r) are necessary and sufficient for neuropathic hypersensitivity after peripheral nerve injury. However, as Y1-INs are heterogenous in composition in terms of morphology, neurophysiological characteristics, and gene expression, we hypothesized that a more precisely defined subpopulation mediates neuropathic hypersensitivity.

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Tissue injury creates a delicate balance between latent pain sensitization (LS) and compensatory endogenous analgesia. Inhibitory G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) interactions that oppose LS, including μ-opioid receptor (MOR) or neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor (Y1R) activity, persist in the spinal cord dorsal horn (DH) for months, even after the resolution of normal pain thresholds. Here, we demonstrate that following recovery from surgical incision, a potent endogenous analgesic synergy between MOR and Y1R activity persists within DH interneurons to reduce the intensity and duration of latent postoperative hypersensitivity and ongoing pain.

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