Temperament traits mediate the relationship between CACNA1C polymorphisms and bipolar disorder in cisgender women.

The influence of temperament traits on bipolar disorder (BD) has been investigated. Both temperament traits and BD are partially genetically determined and seem to be influenced by variations in the CACNA1C gene. These variations presented a significant interactive effect with biological sex, although studies that evaluate this relationship are scarce.

An exploratory study of resting-state functional connectivity of amygdala subregions in posttraumatic stress disorder following trauma in adulthood.

We carried out an exploratory study aimed at identifying differences in resting-state functional connectivity for the amygdala and its subregions, right and left basolateral, centromedial and superficial nuclei, in patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), relative to controls. The study included 10 participants with PTSD following trauma in adulthood (9 females), and 10 controls (9 females). The results suggest PTSD was associated with a decreased (negative) functional connectivity between the superficial amygdala and posterior brain regions relative to controls.

Interaction between COMT Val Met polymorphism and childhood trauma predicts risk for depression in men.

Depression is a disabling illness with complex etiology. While the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene, in particular the functional Val Met polymorphism, has been related to depression, the mechanisms underlying this gene-disease association are not completely understood. Therefore, we explore the association of COMT Val Met polymorphism with depression as well as its interaction with childhood trauma in 1136 young adults from a population-based study carried out in the city of Pelotas, Brazil.

BDNF Levels According to Variations in the CACNA1C Gene: Sex-Based Disparity.

The CACNA1C gene encodes the pore-forming alpha-1c subunit of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels. The calcium influx through these channels regulates the transcription of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Polymorphisms in this gene have been consistently associated with psychiatric disorders, and alterations in BDNF levels are a possible biological mechanism to explain such associations.

Temperament traits moderate the relationship between Childhood Trauma and Interleukin 1β profile in young adults.

Early life stressors, such as childhood trauma, have been associated to alterations in immune response that can last until adulthood. In this context, interleukin 1β (IL-1β) emerges as a pro-inflammatory cytokine with a pivotal role. Also, considering the temperament differences in stress susceptibility, and even immune dysfunction, studies investigating the complex interaction between these factors are scarce.

The role of CACNA1C gene and childhood trauma interaction on bipolar disorder.

Studies on gene x environment interaction (GxE) have provided vital information for uncovering the origins of complex diseases. When considering the etiology of bipolar disorder (BD), the role of such interactions is unknown. Here, we tested whether trauma during childhood could modify the effect of two polymorphisms in the CACNA1C gene (rs1006737 and rs4765913) in terms of susceptibility to BD.

Analysis of association between temperament and psychological symptoms using the Affective and Emotional Composite Temperament (AFECT) model: An internet-based survey.

Background: Temperamental characteristics have been suggested as potential vulnerability markers or could help differential diagnosis among psychiatric disorders. The current study aimed to explore whether there are specific temperament profiles related to different psychological symptoms, according to the Affective and Emotional Composite Temperament (AFECT) model.

Methods: We used a cross-sectional web-based survey collected from the Brazilian Internet Study on Temperament and Psychopathology (BRAINSTEP).

Leptin polymorphism rs3828942: risk for anxiety disorders?

Leptin is an anorexigenic hormone well recognized by its role in mediating energy homeostasis. Recently, leptin has been associated with psychiatric disorders and interestingly, leptin treatment has shown antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. We examined the association of leptin levels and leptin (LEP) gene rs3828942 polymorphism with anxiety disorders considering sex differences.

Impact of genetic variations in ADORA2A gene on depression and symptoms: a cross-sectional population-based study.

Genetic variants involved in adenosine metabolism and its receptors were associated with increased risk for psychiatric disorders, including anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia. Here, we examined an association between a single nucleotide polymorphism in A receptor gene (ADORA2A, rs2298383 SNP) with current depressive episode and symptom profile. A total of 1253 individuals from a cross-sectional population-based study were analyzed by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview 5.

[Leisure-time physical activity and licit substance use in a population sample of young adults].

The scope of this study was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with leisure-time physical activity, as well as to verify its association with licit substance use in a population sample of young adults. It is a cross-sectional population-based study with young adults aged between 18 and 35 years old, living in the urban area of the city of Pelotas in the Brazilian State of Rio Grande do Sul. Sample selection was performed by clusters, being composed of 1953 individuals, among the 82 selected census tracts.

Fatherhood in adolescence: prevalence and associated factors in a community sample of youngsters.

This article aims to assess the prevalence of fatherhood in adolescence (FA) and associated factors in a community sample of 14 to 35 year-old men. Cross-sectional population-based study realized in the urban area of the city of Pelotas-RS, Brazil. The sample was selected by clusters, according to the city census.

Antidepressant Effects of Ketamine Are Not Related to ¹⁸F-FDG Metabolism or Tyrosine Hydroxylase Immunoreactivity in the Ventral Tegmental Area of Wistar Rats.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is an important health problem that is often associated to stress. One of the main brain regions related to MDD is the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a dopaminergic center, part of the reward and motivation circuitry. Recent studies show that changes to VTA dopaminergic neurons are associated with depression and treatment.

Practice of leisure-time physical activities and episodes of mood alteration amongst men and women.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of leisure-time physical activity and episodes of mood alteration in a population-based sample of adults, and its relation with gender.

Method: This is a cross-sectional population-based study with young adults aged between 18 and 35 years old. Sample selection was performed by clusters.

Reduced serum levels of neuron specific enolase (NSE) in drug-naïve subjects with major depression and bipolar disorder.

Several biological factors have been recently related with major depression and bipolar disorder. The aim of our paper was to investigate the peripheral levels of the protein neuronal specific enolase (NSE), a putative marker of neuronal damage, comparing patients with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder to control subjects. This is a case-control study nested in a cross-sectional population-based survey.

Pattern of P50 suppression deficit in patients with epilepsy and individuals with schizophrenia.

Objective: To identify P50 suppression in patients with epilepsy, to investigate the effect of seizure control on P50 suppression, and to compare epilepsy patients with individuals with schizophrenia and healthy volunteers.

Method: P50 evoked potential parameters and P50 suppression were studied crossectionally in patients with uncontrolled or controlled epilepsy, in individuals with schizophrenia and in healthy volunteers.

Results: Individuals with schizophrenia had significantly smaller conditioning stimulus (S1) amplitude, and patients with epilepsy had larger test stimulus (S2) amplitude.

Violence and post-traumatic stress disorder in Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: the protocol for an epidemiological and genetic survey.

Background: violence is a public health major concern, and it is associated with post-traumatic stress disorder and other psychiatric outcomes. Brazil is one of the most violent countries in the world, and has an extreme social inequality. Research on the association between violence and mental health may support public health policy and thus reduce the burden of disease attributable to violence.

Oral administration of guanosine impairs inhibitory avoidance performance in rats and mice.

Extracellular guanine-based purines, mainly the nucleoside guanosine, have recently been shown to exert neuroprotective effects, which seem to be related to antagonism of the glutamatergic system. In this study, we investigated the effects of acute oral administration of guanosine on inhibitory avoidance task in rats and mice. We also studied its effects on locomotor activity, anxiety-related behaviors and mechanisms of action involving the purinergic system.

Acute caffeine treatment increases extracellular nucleotide hydrolysis from rat striatal and hippocampal synaptosomes.

The psychostimulant caffeine promotes behavioral effects such as hyperlocomotion, anxiety, and disruption of sleep by blockade of adenosine receptors. The availability of extracellular adenosine depends on its release by transporters or by the extracellular ATP catabolism performed by the ecto-nucleotidase pathway. This study verified the effect of caffeine on NTPDase 1 (ATP diphosphohydrolase) and 5'-nucleotidase of synaptosomes from hippocampus and striatum of rats.

Extracellular conversion of guanine-based purines to guanosine specifically enhances astrocyte glutamate uptake.

Guanosine (GUO) has been shown to stimulate glutamate uptake in primary astrocyte cultures. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect and specificity of guanine- or adenine-based purines on glutamate and GABA uptake in cultured astrocytes. Stimulatory effect on glutamate uptake was observed with GUO, GMP or GTP.

Guanosine enhances glutamate uptake in brain cortical slices at normal and excitotoxic conditions.

1. The effect of guanosine on L-[2,3-3H]glutamate uptake was investigated in brain cortical slices under normal or oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) conditions. 2.

Guanine and adenine nucleotidase activities in rat cerebrospinal fluid.

Adenine and guanine nucleotides have been shown to exert multiple roles in central and peripheral nervous systems, and the sequential breakdown of these nucleotides by enzymatic systems is an important step in the modulation of their extracellular effects. The aim of this study was to investigate whether nucleotide hydrolysis also occurs in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of rats. CSF was able to hydrolyze all guanine and adenine nucleotides investigated (2.