The Clinical Utility of Flexion-extension Cervical Spine MRI in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome.

Background: Our goal is to correlate the findings on flexion and extension radiographs with dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the clinical history, in a nonrandomly selected cohort of patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q).

Methods: All patients with the 22q who had a dynamic MRI from January 2004 to March 2015 were included.

Changes in the Position of the Junctional Vertebrae After Posterior Spinal Fusion in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Implication in Risk Assessment of Proximal Junctional Kyphosis Development.

Background: The development of proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) after posterior spinal fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is a major problem. Changes in the global sagittal parameters as they relate to PJK have been reported after surgery, however, the relationships between the changes in the upper-instrumented vertebra (UIV) during and after surgery as they relate to development of PJK have not been quantified. We hypothesize that the compensatory changes in the unfused segments of the spine over time are correlated with the surgically induced changes in the UIV position.

Prevalence and risk factors for neural axis anomalies in idiopathic scoliosis: a systematic review.

Background: There is ongoing controversy about the routine use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) preoperatively in patients with presumed idiopathic scoliosis (IS). Routine MRI can help identify possible causes for the deformity and detect anomalies that could complicate deformity surgery. However, routine MRI increases health-care costs significantly and may reveal mild variations from normal findings without clinical relevance, which can still lead to anxiety and influence decision-making.

Orthopaedic manifestations within the 22q11.2 Deletion syndrome: A systematic review.

The 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11.2DS) is the most common microdeletion syndrome with an estimated prevalence of 1:4,000 live births.

The Height-Width-Depth Ratios of the Intervertebral Discs and Vertebral Bodies in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis vs Controls in a Chinese Population.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients have been reported to be taller and more slender than normal controls, suggesting less mechanical stiffness of their trunk and spine. For assessment of mechanical stiffness, to our best knowledge this is the first to study height-width-depth relations at the level of the individual vertebra and disc in 3-D and to evaluate its relation with the Cobb angle severity. A unique series of high-resolution pre-operative computed tomographic (CT) scans of a total of 105 Chinese patients with moderate to severe AIS and 11 age-matched non-scoliotic controls were used for this study.

Upright, prone, and supine spinal morphology and alignment in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Background: Patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) are usually investigated by serial imaging studies during the course of treatment, some imaging involves ionizing radiation, and the radiation doses are cumulative. Few studies have addressed the correlation of spinal deformity captured by these different imaging modalities, for which patient positioning are different. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to compare the coronal, axial, and sagittal morphology of the scoliotic spine in three different body positions (upright, prone, and supine) and between three different imaging modalities (X-ray, CT, and MRI).

Asymmetry of the Vertebral Body and Pedicles in the True Transverse Plane in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A CT-Based Study.

Study Design: Cross-sectional.

Objectives: To quantify the asymmetry of the vertebral bodies and pedicles in the true transverse plane in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and to compare this with normal anatomy.

Summary Of Background Data: There is an ongoing debate about the existence and magnitude of the vertebral body and pedicle asymmetry in AIS and whether this is an expression of a primary growth disturbance, or secondary to asymmetrical loading.

Anterior Spinal Overgrowth Is the Result of the Scoliotic Mechanism and Is Located in the Disc.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Objective: To investigate the presence and magnitude of anterior spinal overgrowth in neuromuscular scoliosis and compare this with the same measurements in idiopathic scoliosis and healthy spines.

Summary Of Background Data: Anterior spinal overgrowth has been described as a potential driver for the onset and progression of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Complete Remodeling After Conservative Treatment of a Severely Angulated Odontoid Fracture in a Patient With Osteogenesis Imperfecta: A Case Report.

Study Design: Case report.

Objective: This is the first case report describing successful healing and remodeling of a traumatic odontoid fracture that was dislocated and severely angulated in a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta who was treated conservatively.

Summary Of Background Data: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare genetic disorder resulting in a low bone mass and bone fragility, predisposing these patients to fractures that often occur at a young age.

Scoliosis in Children With Aicardi Syndrome.

Background: Aicardi syndrome (ACS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder that was classically characterized by the triad of agenesis of corpus callosum, infantile spasms, and chorioretinal lacunae. As new cases emerge and new common phenotypic features are being described in subsequent reports, new modified diagnostic criteria have been proposed that now classify the observed costovertebral abnormalities as supporting diagnostic features. To our knowledge there are no previous studies focusing and describing the scoliosis observed in children with ACS.

Fibrous dysplasia of the proximal femur: surgical management options and outcomes.

Purpose: The management of proximal femoral deformity in fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a challenge to the orthopaedic surgeon. The purpose of this study was to analyze the various presentations of FD of proximal femur and the results of the various treatment modalities for the same.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of 23 patients (24 femora) with FD who underwent surgery for the proximal femur.

Bilateral C6 spondylolysis with spondylolisthesis in 3 adolescent siblings.

Background: Cervical spondylolysis with spondylolisthesis is a rare condition in the pediatric population. The nature of this condition and clinical presentation are important to provide appropriate management.

Methods: This is a case report of 3 adolescent siblings who had C6 cervical spondylolysis with spondylolisthesis.

[Scoliosis in children with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome].

Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a term used to describe a syndrome that consists of several clinical phenotypes, for example the DiGeorge syndrome, velocardiofacial syndrome and conotruncal anomaly face syndrome. These phenotypes share a common cause, i.