Intracerebral Abscess Caused by Actinomyces israelii.

We describe a case of 49-years old female with a medical history of penicillin allergy, who suffered from brain infection caused by . Therefore, the available therapy was metronidazole, ceftriaxone, and chloramphenicol. Due to a deterioration of the general and neurological condition of the patient, it was decided to perform a scratch skin test on penicillin, which was negative.

Exploring the feasibility of a mild and short 4-week combined upper limb and breathing exercise program as a possible home base program to decrease fatigue and improve quality of life in ambulatory and non-ambulatory multiple sclerosis individuals.

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of a combined upper limb and breathing exercise for a home-based program and to explore its effect on primary fatigue and quality of life in ambulatory and non-ambulatory individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) in a short time.

Method: Nineteen individuals with MS were assigned into semi-controlled pre-post feasibility study based on Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) status and divided into two groups: exercise (five ambulatory, five non-ambulatory; EDSS 1.0-8.

Reconstruction options for complex middle cerebral artery aneurysms.

Objective: To describe techniques of reconstruction for unclippable and uncoilable middle cerebral artery aneurysms.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed of seven patients who underwent eight operations during a 9-year period to treat complex middle cerebral artery bifurcation aneurysms not amenable to direct clipping or endovascular coiling. All preoperative and postoperative clinical and imaging data were reviewed.

Bypass grafting and revascularization in the management of posterior circulation aneurysms.

Objective: To describe the bypass techniques, cranial base approaches, results of treatment, causes of failure, and lessons that are learned in patients with posterior circulation aneurysms requiring revascularization.

Methods: Retrospectively, 19 patients with posterior fossa aneurysms requiring revascularization procedures operated on between 1991 and 2002 were reviewed. Preoperative and postoperative clinical information, neurological examinations, imaging data, and updated follow-ups were reviewed.

Endoscope-assisted microsurgery for microvascular compression syndromes.

Objective: To discuss the results of endoscope-assisted surgery in microvascular decompression (MVD) of Cranial Nerves (CNs) V, VII, and VIII.

Methods: Neuroendoscopy was used as an adjunct to the surgical microscope in the MVD of the trigeminal (17 patients), facial (10 patients), and vestibulocochlear (1 patient) nerves in a series of 28 consecutive patients. After a standard microsurgical approach to CNs V, VII, and VIII, the endoscope was used to inspect all aspects of neural anatomy, to assess vascular compression, and to check the results of the decompression.

Cerebrospinal fluid fistula as a consequence of war head injury.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula as a consequence of brain missile injury and following infectious complications has been recognized for years. Different methods of treatment have been advocated. Missiles used in war cause extensive destruction of the skull and brain as a result of their high kinetic energy.