Correction: Brandão et al. Genotoxicity and Gene Expression in the Rat Lung Tissue following Instillation and Inhalation of Different Variants of Amorphous Silica Nanomaterials (aSiO NM). 2021, , 1502.

In the original publication [...

Enhancing Proton Radiosensitivity of Chondrosarcoma Using Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Approaches: A Comparative Study of High- and Low-Energy Protons.

To overcome chondrosarcoma's (CHS) high chemo- and radioresistance, we used polyethylene glycol-encapsulated iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) for the controlled delivery of the chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (IONP) to amplify the cytotoxicity of proton radiation therapy. Human 2D CHS SW1353 cells were treated with protons (linear energy transfer (LET): 1.6 and 12.

Radiosensitizing Effect of PARP Inhibition on Chondrosarcoma and Chondrocyte Cells Is Dependent on Radiation LET.

Chondrosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor that forms in bone and cartilage. The primary treatment involves surgical removal of the tumor with a margin of healthy tissue. Especially if complete surgical removal is not possible, radiation therapy and chemotherapy are used in conjunction with surgery, but with a generally low efficiency.

Specific spectral sub-images for machine learning evaluation of optical differences between carbon ion and X ray radiation effects.

Advances in radiotherapy, particularly the exploration of alternative radiation types such as carbon ions have updated our understanding of its effects and applicability on chondrosarcoma cells. Here we compare the optical effects produced by carbon ions (CI) and X-rays (XR) radiations on chondrosarcoma cells nuclei and set an automated method for evaluating the radiation-induced alterations without the need of chemical marking. Hyperspectral images (HSI) of SW1353 chondrosarcoma line carry detectable optical changes of the cells irradiated either with CI or XR compared to non-irradiated ones (REF).

Biocompatibility and Osteogenic Activity of Samarium-Doped Hydroxyapatite-Biomimetic Nanoceramics for Bone Regeneration Applications.

In this study, we report on the development of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and samarium-doped hydroxyapatite (SmHAp) nanoparticles using a cost-effective method and their biological effects on a bone-derived cell line MC3T3-E1. The physicochemical and biological features of HAp and SmHAp nanoparticles are explored. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies revealed that no additional peaks were observed after the integration of samarium (Sm) ions into the HAp structure.

Exploring In Vivo Pulmonary and Splenic Toxicity Profiles of Silicon Quantum Dots in Mice.

Silicon-based quantum dots (SiQDs) represent a special class of nanoparticles due to their low toxicity and easily modifiable surface properties. For this reason, they are used in applications such as bioimaging, fluorescent labeling, drug delivery, protein detection techniques, and tissue engineering despite a serious lack of information on possible in vivo effects. The present study aimed to characterize and evaluate the in vivo toxicity of SiQDs obtained by laser ablation in the lung and spleen of mice.

Carbon nanotubes conjugated with cisplatin activate different apoptosis signaling pathways in 2D and 3D-spheroid triple-negative breast cancer cell cultures: a comparative study.

The type of experimental model for the in vitro testing of drug formulations efficiency represents an important tool in cancer biology, with great attention being granted to three-dimensional (3D) cultures as these offer a closer approximation of the clinical sensitivity of drugs. In this study, the effects induced by carboxyl-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes complexed with cisplatin (SWCNT-COOH-CDDP) and free components (SWCNT-COOH and CDDP) were compared between conventional 2D- and 3D-spheroid cultures of human breast cancer cells. The 2D and 3D breast cancer cultures were exposed to various doses of SWCNT-COOH (0.

In Vivo Evaluation of Innovative Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents Designed for Bioimaging Applications.

The aim of this study was the investigation of biochemical and histological changes induced in different tissues, as a result of the subcutaneous administration of Gd nanohydrogels (GdDOTA⸦CS-TPP/HA) in a CD-1 mouse strain. The nanohydrogels were obtained by encapsulating contrast agents (GdDOTA) in a biocompatible polymer matrix composed of chitosan (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) through the ionic gelation process. The effects of Gd nanohydrogels on the redox status were evaluated by measuring specific activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as oxidative stress markers, such as reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and protein-reactive carbonyl groups (PRCG), in the liver, kidney, and heart tissues.

Neurotensin (8-13) and Neuromedin N Neuropeptides Radiolabelling with Copper-64 Produced on Solid or Liquid Targets.

On the verge of a theranostic approach to personalised medicine, copper-64 is one of the emerging radioisotopes in nuclear medicine due to its exploitable nuclear and biochemical characteristics. The increased demand for copper-64 for preclinical and clinical studies has prompted the development of production routes. This research aims to compare the (p,n) reaction on nickel-64 solid versus liquid targets and evaluate the effectiveness of [Cu]CuCl solutions prepared by the two routes.

Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) Works in Type 2 Diabetes through Unexpected Effects in Adipose Tissue, Not by Mitochondrial Biogenesis.

Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) has emerged as a promising therapeutic intervention for age-related disorders, including type 2 diabetes. In this study, we confirmed the previously observed effects of NMN treatment on glucose uptake and investigated its underlying mechanisms in various tissues and cell lines. Through the most comprehensive proteomic analysis to date, we discovered a series of novel organ-specific effects responsible for glucose uptake as measured by the IPGTT: adipose tissue growing (suggested by increased protein synthesis and degradation and mTOR proliferation signaling upregulation).

In Vivo Assessment of Hepatic and Kidney Toxicity Induced by Silicon Quantum Dots in Mice.

In the last decade, silicon-based quantum dots (SiQDs) have attracted the attention of researchers due to their unique properties for which they are used in medical applications and in vivo imaging. Detection of cytotoxic effects in vivo is essential for understanding the mechanisms of toxicity, a mandatory step before their administration to human subjects. In this context, we aimed to evaluate the in vivo hepatic and renal acute toxicity of SiQDs obtained by laser ablation.

Pure Epigallocatechin-3-gallate-Assisted Green Synthesis of Highly Stable Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles.

Nanoparticles (NPs) are conventionally produced by using physical and chemical methods that are no longer in alignment with current society's demand for a low environmental impact. Accordingly, green synthesis approaches are considered a potential alternative due to the plant extracts that substitute some of the hazardous reagents. The general mechanism is based on the reducing power of natural products that allows the formation of NPs from a precursor solution.

In vitro hyperspectral biomarkers of human chondrosarcoma cells in nanoparticle-mediated radiosensitization using carbon ions.

New therapeutic approaches are needed for the management of the highly chemo- and radioresistant chondrosarcoma (CHS). In this work, we used polyethylene glycol-encapsulated iron oxide nanoparticles for the intracellular delivery of the chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (IONP) to augment the cytotoxic effects of carbon ions in comparison to photon radiation therapy. The in vitro biological effects were investigated in SW1353 chondrosarcoma cells focusing on the following parameters: cell survival using clonogenic test, detection of micronuclei (MN) by cytokinesis blocked micronucleus assay and morphology together with spectral fingerprints of nuclei using enhanced dark-field microscopy (EDFM) assembled with a hyperspectral imaging (HI) module.

Interplay of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Autophagy in RAW 264.7 Murine Macrophage Cell Line Challenged with Si/SiO Quantum Dots.

Quantum dots (QDs) with photostable fluorescence are recommended for imaging applications; however, their effect on living cells is incompletely understood. We aimed to elucidate the RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line's response to the Si/SiO QDs challenge.

Modifications in cellular viability, DNA damage and stress responses inflicted in cancer cells by copper-64 ions.

Due to combined therapeutical emissions, a high linear energy transfer Auger-electrons with the longer ranged β particles, Cu-based radiopharmaceuticals raise particular theragnostic interest in cancer, by joined therapeutic and real-time PET imaging properties. The study aimed to investigate the biological and molecular background of CuCl therapy by analyzing the damages and stress responses inflicted in various human normal and tumor cell lines. Colon (HT29 and HCT116) and prostate carcinoma (DU145) cell lines, as well as human normal BJ fibroblasts, were treated up to 72 h with 2-40 MBq/mL CuCl.

Phytochemical Profiling and Anti-Fibrotic Activities of the Gemmotherapy Bud Extract of in a Model of Liver Fibrosis on Diabetic Mice.

In this study, we aimed to explore the hepatoprotective effects of the gemmotherapy bud extract of in a model of liver fibrosis on diabetic mice. An evaluation of total flavonoids and polyphenols contents and LC/MS analyses were performed. Experimental fibrosis was induced with CCl (2 mL/kg by i.

Dextran-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Loaded with 5-Fluorouracil for Drug-Delivery Applications.

This study aims to design and test different formulations composed of dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) loaded with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) with varying nanoparticle:drug ratios on colorectal cancer cells. The stable suspension of IONPs s was synthesized by the adapted co-precipitation method. The stable suspension of IONPs was mixed with a solution of dextran and 5-FU solubilized in a saline solution.

Biological Response of Human Gingival Fibroblasts to Zinc-Doped Hydroxyapatite Designed for Dental Applications-An In Vitro Study.

This study aimed to investigate the biological response induced by hydroxyapatite (HAp) and zinc-doped HAp (ZnHAp) in human gingival fibroblasts and to explore their antimicrobial activity. The ZnHAp (with xZn = 0.00 and 0.

Snapshot of the pollution-driven metabolic and microbiota changes in Carassius gibelio from Bucharest leisure lakes.

In the last decades, increased intakes of contaminants and the habitats' destruction have produced drastic changes in the aquatic ecosystems. The environmental contaminants can accumulate in aquatic organisms, leading to the disturbance of the antioxidant/prooxidant balance in fish. In this context, we evaluated the level of organic, inorganic and microbiological pollutants in four leisure lakes (Chitila, Floreasca, Tei and Vacaresti) from Bucharest, the largest city of Romania, in order to compare their effects on hepatopancreas and gills metabolism and antioxidant defense mechanisms in Carassius gibelio, the most known and widespread freshwater fish in this country.

Photodynamic Activity of TMPyP4/TiO Complex under Blue Light in Human Melanoma Cells: Potential for Cancer-Selective Therapy.

The combination of TiO nanoparticles (NPs) and photosensitizers (PS) may offer significant advantages in photodynamic therapy (PDT) of melanoma, such as improved cell penetration, enhanced ROS production, and cancer selectivity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the photodynamic effect of 5,10,15,20-(Tetra-N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin tetratosylate (TMPyP4) complexes with TiO NPs on human cutaneous melanoma cells by irradiation with 1 mW/cm blue light. The porphyrin conjugation with the NPs was analyzed by absorption and FTIR spectroscopy.

MRC-5 Human Lung Fibroblasts Alleviate the Genotoxic Effect of Fe-N Co-Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles through an OGG1/2-Dependent Reparatory Mechanism.

The current study was focused on the potential of pure P25 TiO nanoparticles (NPs) and Fe(1%)-N co-doped P25 TiO NPs to induce cyto- and genotoxic effects in MRC-5 human pulmonary fibroblasts. The oxidative lesions of P25 NPs were reflected in the amount of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine accumulated in DNA and the lysosomal damage produced, but iron-doping partially suppressed these effects. However, neither P25 nor Fe(1%)-N co-doped P25 NPs had such a serious effect of inducing DNA fragmentation or activating apoptosis signaling.

Response of the Endogenous Antioxidant Defense System Induced in RAW 264.7 Macrophages upon Exposure to Dextran-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles.

Presently, iron oxide nanoparticles are the only ones approved for clinical use as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Even though there is a high demand for these types of nanoparticles both for clinical use as well as for research, there are difficulties in obtaining stable nanoparticles with reproducible properties. In this context, in this study, we report the obtaining by an adapted coprecipitation method of dextran-coated maghemite nanoparticles (ɤ-FeO NPs).

New Insights into the Biological Response Triggered by Dextran-Coated Maghemite Nanoparticles in Pancreatic Cancer Cells and Their Potential for Theranostic Applications.

Iron oxide nanoparticles are one of the most promising tools for theranostic applications of pancreatic cancer due to their unique physicochemical and magnetic properties making them suitable for both diagnosis and therapy. Thus, our study aimed to characterize the properties of dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (DIO-NPs) of maghemite (γ-FeO) type synthesized by co-precipitation and to investigate their effects (low-dose versus high-dose) on pancreatic cancer cells focusing on NP cellular uptake, MR contrast, and toxicological profile. This paper also addressed the modulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and p53 protein expression as well as the potential of DIO-NPs for theranostic purposes.

Aflatoxins in Feed: Types, Metabolism, Health Consequences in Swine and Mitigation Strategies.

Feeding farm animals with aflatoxin-contaminated feed can cause various severe toxic effects, leading to increased susceptibility to infectious diseases and increased mortality, weight loss, poor performance and reduced reproductive capability. Following ingestion of contaminated foodstuffs, aflatoxins are metabolized and biotransformed differently in animals. Swine metabolism is not effective in detoxifying and excreting aflatoxins, meaning the risk of aflatoxicosis is increased.