Pioneering the implementation of a precision oncology strategy in Portugal: the Precision Oncology Platform trial.

Background And Purpose: The Precision Oncology Platform (POP) trial represents the effort of the Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) for joining other leading European institutions in both 'Personalised Cancer Medicine for all EU citizens' (PCM4EU), and 'PRecisIon Cancer MEdicine RepurpOsing SystEm Using Pragmatic Clinical Trials' (PRIME-ROSE) consortia, enabling the development of the Portuguese version of the Drug Rediscovery Protocol (DRUP)-like Clinical Trial (DLCT), based on the experience of the DRUP trial developed in The Netherlands.

Patients/material And Methods: The POP trial is a phase II, pragmatic multicentric, non-randomised, open-label study, designed entirely like the other DLCTs. Its primary objective is to describe anti-tumour activity of targeted anticancer drugs in patients with advanced malignancies harbouring actionable molecular alterations.

Efficacy and safety of induction chemotherapy in oral cavity cancer: An eight-year experience at a Portuguese reference center.

Background: Induction chemotherapy has been described as an option in locally advanced oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma when the surgical morbidity is expected to be high. This work aimed to evaluate the outcome and safety of induction chemotherapy in this setting.

Methods: We performed a retrospective and observational study including patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma, treated with induction chemotherapy between January 2010 and December 2018.

Smooth versus Textured Tissue Expanders: Comparison of Outcomes and Complications in 536 Implants.

 Increasing concerns regarding the safety of textured surface implants have resulted in surgeons transitioning from textured tissue expanders (TEs) to smooth TEs. Given this change has only recently occurred, this study evaluated outcomes between smooth and textured TEs.  Women who underwent two-stage breast reconstruction using TEs from 2013 to 2022 were included.

Seminars in Plastic Surgery: Pediatric Ear Anomalies and Reconstruction.

Congenital ear anomalies affect 15 to 20% of neonates and can be categorized as either auricular deformations or malformations. Deformations involve a fully developed, albeit abnormally shaped, chondrocutaneous framework, which makes them amenable to correction with ear molding within the first few months of life. Malformations involve hypoplastic or fully absent auricular structures that require augmentation with alloplastic and/or autogenous reconstruction.

Risk of Anticoagulation in Gluteal Compartment Syndrome After Surgical Intervention.

Gluteal compartment syndrome (GCS) is a rare form of acute compartment syndrome. There are some causes, such as prolonged periods of immobilization and traumatic or iatrogenic events. We report two cases of gluteal compartment syndrome after orthopedic surgical intervention for fracture stabilization.

Pembrolizumab versus methotrexate, docetaxel, or cetuximab in recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (KEYNOTE-040): Subgroup analysis by pattern of disease recurrence.

Background: In the phase 3 KEYNOTE-040 study, pembrolizumab prolonged OS versus chemotherapy in previously treated recurrent or metastatic (R/M) HNSCC. We present a post hoc subgroup analysis by disease recurrence pattern: recurrent-only, recurrent and metastatic (recurrent-metastatic), and metastatic-only HNSCC.

Materials And Methods: Patients had HNSCC that progressed during or after platinum-containing treatment for R/M disease or had recurrence or progression within 3-6 months of previous platinum-containing definitive therapy for locally advanced disease.

Impact of Nicotine Replacement Therapy on Breast Surgery Outcomes.

Background:  Smoking cessation therapy, including nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), is used perioperatively to assist patients to reduce their tobacco smoke intake and consequently decrease their risk of smoking-associated complications. There are, however, theoretical concerns that nicotine-induced peripheral vasoconstriction could impair wound healing. This study investigated the effect of NRT on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing breast surgery.

Validation of a Questionnaire on Sexual and Reproductive Health Among Immigrant Vocational Education Students in Portugal from São Tomé and Príncipe.

Sexual and reproductive health interventions' effectiveness should be evaluated using a valid instrument. This study aimed to validate a questionnaire on sexual and reproductive health in adolescents and young adults from São Tomé and Príncipe who voluntarily enrolled in a vocational school in Portugal to complete their 12th school year and obtain a professional card.A questionnaire consisting of perception and knowledge sections was adapted from previous questionnaires.

Racial/Ethnic and Gender Disparities Over the Last Decade Within Microsurgery and Craniofacial Fellowship Training.

Background: Racial/ethnic and gender disparities persist in plastic surgery at nearly all levels of training, becoming more pronounced at each stage. Recent studies have demonstrated that the proportion of female plastic surgery residents has increased to nearly 40%, yet only 11% of full professors of plastic surgery are female. Other studies have identified severe declines in underrepresented minority plastic surgery representation between plastic surgery residents and academicians with only 1.

Evaluation of Complication Rates of Free Flap Reconstruction in Pediatric Patients.

Introduction: While there is extensive literature investigating surgical outcomes in free flaps for adults, there is a dearth of information on the efficacy of flap use in the pediatric population. This study is the first to measure complication rates following pediatric free flap reconstruction on a national level.

Methods: All pediatric free flap cases between 2012 and 2018 were identified and stratified by type of flap using current procedural terminology codes assigned to the primary procedure in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database.

Defining milestones for the study of remyelination using the cuprizone mouse model: How early is early?

Background: Cuprizone (CPZ) is a copper chelator used to produce a reversible oligodendrocytopathy in animals, which has some similarities to the pathology found in human multiple sclerosis (MS). This model is attractive to study remyelination.

Aims: To demonstrate that a two-week period after cessation of CPZ exposure is sufficient to establish changes compatible with remyelination, without accompanying behavior or brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) disturbances.

Influence of Nonsyndromic Bicoronal Synostosis and Syndromic Influences on Orbit and Periorbital Malformation.

Background: Oculoorbital disproportion in patients with craniosynostosis has similarities and dissimilarities between syndromic and nonsyndromic cases. The authors hypothesized that these two conditions have specific individual influences as they relate to development of the orbital and periorbital skeletons.

Methods: A total of 133 preoperative computed tomography scans (nonsyndromic bicoronal synostosis, n = 38; Apert syndrome bicoronal synostosis subtype, n = 33; Crouzon syndrome bicoronal synostosis subtype, n = 10; controls, n = 52) were included.

Orbitofacial morphology changes with different suture synostoses in Crouzon syndrome.

This study aims to investigate the influence of different cranial vault suture synostoses on orbital and periorbital morphological development in Crouzon syndrome. Computed tomography (CT) scans of Crouzon syndrome patients who had not undergone operation were subgrouped as follows: type I: bicoronal synostosis; type II: sagittal synostosis; type III: pansynostosis; type IV: perpendicular combinations of suture synostoses; and type V: bilateral squamosal synostosis. CT scans were measured using Materialise software.

Disparities in Craniosynostosis Outcomes by Race and Insurance Status.

Disparities in access to care for surgical intervention in craniosynostosis have been suggested as a cause in discrepancies between the surgical approach and consequently perioperative outcomes following surgery. This work aimed to investigate the influence of race, insurance status, and the presence of craniosynostosis-related conditions on the short-term outcomes after the surgical management of craniosynostosis. Using the National Inpatient Sample database for the years 2010 to 2012, sociodemographic predictors for 30-day postoperative complication rates and requirements for blood transfusion in craniosynostosis surgeries were identified.

Disparities in Access to Cranial Remodeling Orthosis for Deformational Plagiocephaly.

Objective: Moderate to severe cases of deformational plagiocephaly (DP) may be treated with cranial remolding orthoses (CRO). This study investigated the socioeconomic disparities in access to care for CRO for DP correction.

Design: This was a retrospective review of medical records from a single CRO company in Connecticut from 2014 to 2020.

"Validation of Artificial Intelligence Severity Assessment in Metopic Craniosynostosis".

Objective: Several severity metrics have been developed for metopic craniosynostosis, including a recent machine learning-derived algorithm. This study assessed the diagnostic concordance between machine learning and previously published severity indices.

Design: Preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans of patients who underwent surgical correction of metopic craniosynostosis were quantitatively analyzed for severity.

Decreasing Inpatient Opioid Use Following Orthognathic Surgery.

Purpose: Strategies to decrease postoperative opioid use are important for mitigating the immediate and long-term risks associated with their use. We aimed to investigate the impact of perioperative various factors on inpatient opioid needs for patients undergoing orthognathic surgery.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of all patients who underwent orthognathic surgery performed by the senior author from 2012 to 2018.

Facial Dysmorphology in Saethre-Chotzen Syndrome.

Purpose: Classic features of Saethre-Chotzen syndrome (SCS) described in the literature include a prominent nasal bridge, eyelid ptosis, telorbitism, maxillary hypoplasia, and mandibular prognathism. The purpose of this study was to evaluate objectively the bony features of SCS.

Methods: Preoperative computer tomography scans of 15 SCS patients, 23 normal controls, 13 bicoronal nonsyndromic, and 7 unicoronal nonsyndromic craniosynostosis patients were included for analysis.