Efficacy of lengthening right renal veins using accompanying gonadal veins in living donor kidney transplantation.

Background: Short harvested right renal veins (RV) are quite common in living donor kidney transplantation (KT). This technical difficulty might interfere implanting and increase warm ischemic time. Several techniques to overcome this problem have been applied, including iliac vein transposition, inverted transplant, synthetic graft, saphenous vein… Application of accompanying gonadal vein (GV), which is easily approachable and less time-consuming, has been recently published.

Population biological traits of Bleeker, 1853 in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta.

is an amphibious fish living in mudflats from eastern India to Indonesia, including the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Population biological traits play an important role in fishery assessment, but understanding is limited for this species. In total 1,031 specimens were caught in two regions covering four provinces, including the TVST (Duyen Hai, Tra Vinh and Tran De, Soc Trang) and BLCM (Dong Hai, Bac Lieu and Dam Doi, Ca Mau).

Land Invasion by the Mudskipper, Periophthalmodon septemradiatus, in Fresh and Saline Waters of the Mekong River.

There has been a long-standing controversy about whether vertebrates emerged in the Paleozoic from marine or freshwater environments. Several hypotheses have proposed coastal, estuarine and riparian areas as sites of the transition. Here, we report the ecology of an amphibious fish Periophthalmodon septemradiatus, which we presume is in the process of niche expansion into terrestrial habitats from estuarine to freshwater environments along the Mekong River, Vietnam.

Coumarin-diene photoswitches for rapid and efficient isomerization with visible light.

We have developed 7-diethylaminocoumarin-based chromophores that photoisomerize with visible light. These photoswitches possess many desirable attributes, including large extinction coefficients (18 600-59 100 M-1 cm-1), high quantum yields (0.45-0.

Human Papilloma Virus Identification in Breast Cancer Patients with Previous Cervical Neoplasia.

Purpose: Women with human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated cervical neoplasia have a higher risk of developing breast cancer than the general female population. The purpose of this study was to (i) identify high-risk HPVs in cervical neoplasia and subsequent HPV positive breast cancers which developed in the same patients and (ii) determine if these HPVs were biologically active.

Methods: A range of polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical techniques were used to conduct a retrospective cohort study of cervical precancers and subsequent breast cancers in the same patients.

Human Papilloma Viruses and Breast Cancer.

Purpose: Human papillomaviruses (HPV) may have a role in some breast cancers. The purpose of this study is to fill important gaps in the evidence. These gaps are: (i) confirmation of the presence of high risk for cancer HPVs in breast cancers, (ii) evidence of HPV infections in benign breast tissues prior to the development of HPV-positive breast cancer in the same patients, (iii) evidence that HPVs are biologically active and not harmless passengers in breast cancer.

Identification of Human Papilloma Viruses in Atheromatous Coronary Artery Disease.

Objective: To identify human papilloma viruses (HPV) in atheromatous coronary arteries.

Background: Atheromatous arterial disease is primarily an initial inflammatory response to unknown stimuli. The crucial question is "what causes the initial inflammation in atheromatous disease?" HPV infections may be relevant as US women with vaginal, high risk for cancer, HPV infections, are at up to threefold increased risk of cardiovascular disease as compared with vaginal HPV-negative women.

Localised breast cancers may have systemic influences on skin and hair.

Hypothesis: Biomarkers, commonly expressed in breast cancer cells, may be correlated with their expression in breast skin of the same subjects.

Methods: The expression of biomarkers in specimens from 33 breast tumours and breast skin from the same subject and from 32 normal controls was studied using immunohistochemical techniques.

Results: (1) In normal women, there are significant correlations between the levels of expression of cyclin D1, bcl-2 and p53 in normal breast epithelial cells and breast skin epithelial cells.

Elevated expression of the tumor suppressing protein p53 is associated with the presence of mouse mammary tumor-like env gene sequences (MMTV-like) in human breast cancer.

Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) has a proven role in breast carcinogenesis in wild mice and genetically susceptible laboratory inbred mice. The carcinogenic characteristics of this virus are enhanced by estrogen and other steroid hormones. MMTV-like envelope gene sequences, with 95% homology to MMTV have been identified in approximately 40% of breast cancers in US, Australian and Argentinian women.

Microcysts and breast cancer: a study of biological markers in archival biopsy material.

Breast cysts are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Some biomarkers such as estrogen receptor alpha (ERa), progesterone receptor (PR), and cyclin D1, show similar patterns of expression in epithelial cells lining breast cysts as malignant epithelial cells in local and invasive ductal breast cancer. We have attempted to answer two questions: (1) Do epithelial cells lining breast microcysts (cysts which can only be seen with a microscope) express biomarkers in a similar pattern to breast ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma? (2) Are breast microcysts precursors of breast cancer or are they part of normal involution of the breast? Seventy two archival open breast biopsy specimens of ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma and 32 normal breast biopsies from Australian women who had breast reduction surgery were selected from hospital archives.

Breast cancer incidence and estrogen receptor alpha in normal mammary tissue--an epidemiologic study among Japanese women in Japan and Hawaii.

We have undertaken a study to examine whether the difference in breast cancer incidence between 2 populations of similar genetic background is reflected in a similar pattern of estrogen receptor alpha expression in normal mammary gland. Study participants were 92 Japanese women from Sapporo, Japan (mean age 48.2 years) and 49 Japanese women from Honolulu, Hawaii (mean age 45.