Excess folic acid supplementation before and during pregnancy and lactation activates β-catenin in the brain of male mouse offspring.

Folic acid (FA) supplementation in early pregnancy is recommended to protect against birth defects. But excess FA has exhibited neurodevelopmental toxicity. We previously reported that the mice treated with 2.

Phosphorylation of trans-active response DNA-binding protein-of 43 kDa promotes its cytoplasmic aggregation and modulates its function in tau mRNA stability and exon 10 alternative splicing.

Trans-active response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) promotes tau mRNA instability and tau exon 10 inclusion. Aggregation of phosphorylated TDP-43 is associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Casein kinase 1ε (CK1ε) phosphorylates TDP-43 at multiple sites, enhances its cytoplasmic aggregation, and modulates its function in tau mRNA processing.

Alzheimer's disease brain contains tau fractions with differential prion-like activities.

Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) made of abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau are a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related tauopathies. Regional distribution of NFTs is associated with the progression of the disease and has been proposed to be a result of prion-like propagation of misfolded tau. Tau in AD brain is heterogenous and presents in various forms.

Seeding-Competent Tau in Gray Matter Versus White Matter of Alzheimer's Disease Brain.

Background: Neurofibrillary pathology of abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau spreads along neuroanatomical connections, underlying the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The propagation of tau pathology to axonally connected brain regions inevitably involves trafficking of seeding-competent tau within the axonal compartment of the neuron.

Objective: To determine the seeding activity of tau in cerebral gray and white matters of AD.