Untargeted metabolomics and PacBio analysis on bioactive components and microbial community in co-fermentation of black soldier fly larva.

Fermentation can enhance nutritional value and safety of insect protein, this study utilized probiotic Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and complex enzyme containing chitinase and protease to ferment the paste of Black Soldier Fly larva (BSFL), decomposing anti-nutritional factor chitin and protein in paste while inhibiting the proliferation of harmful microorganisms. The result indicated a 40 % degradation of chitin after fermentation, accompanied by an increase in the variety and quantity of amino acids and peptides, functional substances such as raffinose and cucurbitacin significantly increased, while the levels of antibiotics such as erythromycin and ofloxacin had decreased; after fermentation, there is a significant difference in the microbial distribution between bacteria, co-fermentation and CK, the indigenous microbiota of BSF and pathogenic bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Clostridiaceae bacteria were significantly inhibited, anaerobic bacteria, including Anaerosalibacter, Caldicoprobacter and Tissierella, exhibit a marked increase; significant changes are detected in the carbon sources, amino acids, and key enzymes related to other metabolic pathways of B.

Oriented regulation of earthworm production and vermicompost quality by carbon bioavailability management.

Vermicomposting is an efficient bioconversion technology for recycling nutrients from organic waste materials. The biodegradability of raw materials has a significant impact on the earthworm transformation product. However, the management of carbon bioavailability is often overlooked during the vermicomposting process due to the varying degradability of C-rich source in different organic waste.

Correction: Burden of disease and risk factors for mortality amongst hospitalized newborns in Nigeria and Kenya.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Plant-derived biochar amendment for compost maturity improvement and gaseous emission reduction in food waste composting: Insight from bacterial community and functions.

This study assessed the impact of different plant-derived biochar (cornstalk, rice husk, and sawdust) on bacterial community and functions for compost maturity and gaseous emissions during the composting of food waste. Results showed that all biochar strengthened organic biotransformation and caused a higher germination index on day 12 (over 100%), especially for rice husk biochar to enhance the growth of Thermobifida related to aerobic chemoheterotrophy. Rice husk biochar also achieved a relatively higher reduction efficiency of methane (85.

Accelerating the humification of mushroom waste by regulating nitrogen sources composition: Deciphering mechanism from bioavailability and molecular perspective.

Regulating nitrogen source composition is efficient approach to accelerate the spent mushroom substrate (SMS) composting process. However, currently, most traditional composting study only focuses on total C/N ratio of initial composting material. Rarely research concerns the effect of carbon or nitrogen components at different degradable level and their corresponding decomposed-substances on humification process.

Deciphering the bioavailability of dissolved organic matter in thermophilic compost and vermicompost at the molecular level.

Studies on compost dissolved organic matter (DOM) previously focus on its composition and humification, without considering DOM bioavailability to understand compost fertility. To decipher the fertility basis of compost, DOM bioavailability in thermophilic compost (TC) and vermicompost (VC) was investigated and linked with its molecular composition. Results showed that DOM bioavailability of VC (36 % BDOC) was generally higher than that of TC (22 % BDOC) due to containing more tannin-like substances.

Insight into humification of mushroom residues under addition of Rich-N sources: Comparing key molecular evolution processes using EEM-PARAFAC and 2D-FTIR-COS analysis.

Accelerating the humification of organic solid waste is one of the most important issues in composting. This present study aims to study and compare the humification process of different rich-N sources (chicken manure, cattle manure, and urea) addition during the composting of mushroom residues, from macro physicochemical properties to micro humic molecular structure evolution process. The physicochemical elements and humic components were determined for evaluating the compost quality and humification degree as composting proceed.

Effect of moisture content, aeration rate, and C/N on maturity and gaseous emissions during kitchen waste rapid composting.

To determine factors affecting compost maturity and gaseous emissions during the rapid composting of kitchen waste, an orthogonal test was conducted with three factors: moisture content (MC) (55%, 60%, 65%), aeration rate (AR) (0.3,0.6 and 0.

High-normal liver enzyme levels in early pregnancy predispose the risk of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Gestational hypertension (GH) and preeclampsia (PE) are severe adverse gestational complications. Previous studies supported potential link between elevated liver enzyme levels and GH and PE. However, given the transient physiological reduction of liver enzyme levels in pregnancy, little is known whether the associations of the high-normal liver enzyme levels in early pregnancy with GH and PE exist in pregnant women.

Periconception Red Blood Cell Folate and Offspring Congenital Heart Disease : Nested Case-Control and Mendelian Randomization Studies.

Background: Periconception folic acid supplementation has been suggested to protect against congenital heart disease (CHD), but the association between maternal red blood cell (RBC) folate, the gold-standard biomarker of folate exposure, and subsequent offspring CHD risk is lacking.

Objective: To quantify the association between periconception maternal RBC folate and offspring CHD risk.

Design: Prospective, nested, case-control study and 1-sample Mendelian randomization.

RBC Folate and Serum Folate, Vitamin B-12, and Homocysteine in Chinese Couples Prepregnancy in the Shanghai Preconception Cohort.

Background: The protective effects of maternal folate on neural tube defects are well-established. Emerging evidence has shown paternal folate also is related to pregnancy outcome and offspring health.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the status of red blood cell (RBC) folate and serum folate, vitamin B-12, and homocysteine (Hcy) and their associated factors in a cohort of pregnancy-preparing couples.

Maternal liver dysfunction in early pregnancy predisposes to gestational diabetes mellitus independent of preconception overweight: A prospective cohort study.

Objective: To evaluate whether the associations of maternal liver dysfunction and liver function biomarkers (LFBs) with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are independent of overweight.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Methods: A sub-cohort of pregnant women with seven LFBs examined at 9-13 weeks of gestation and with complete GDM evaluation at mid-gestation were extracted from the prospective Shanghai Preconception Cohort Study.

Burden of disease and risk factors for mortality amongst hospitalized newborns in Nigeria and Kenya.

Objective: To describe the patient population, priority diseases and outcomes in newborns admitted <48 hours old to neonatal units in both Kenya and Nigeria.

Study Design: In a network of seven secondary and tertiary level neonatal units in Nigeria and Kenya, we captured anonymised data on all admissions <48 hours of age over a 6-month period.

Results: 2280 newborns were admitted.

Association of Maternal Folate and Vitamin B in Early Pregnancy With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Objective: To investigate the association of folate and vitamin B in early pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk.

Research Design And Methods: The data of this study were from a subcohort within the Shanghai Preconception Cohort Study. We included pregnancies with red blood cell (RBC) folate and vitamin B measurements at recruitment (between 9 and 13 gestational weeks) and those with three samples available for glucose measurements under an oral glucose tolerance test.

Effectiveness of community-based folate-oriented tertiary interventions on incidence of fetus and birth defects: a protocol for a single-blind cluster randomized controlled trial.

Background: Birth defects are the main cause of fetal death, infant mortality and morbidity worldwide. However, the etiology of birth defects remains largely unknown. Maternal folate status during periconception plays an important role in organogenesis and folic acid supplement reduces the risk of neural tube defects, congenital heart diseases, and several other birth defects.

Shanghai Preconception Cohort (SPCC) for the association of periconceptional parental key nutritional factors with health outcomes of children with congenital heart disease: a cohort profile.

Purpose: The Shanghai Preconception Cohort (SPCC) was initially established to investigate the associations of parental periconceptional nutritional factors with congenital heart disease (CHD) but has further analysed child growth and development and paediatric diseases.

Participants: Preparing-for-pregnancy couples who presented at Shanghai preconception examination clinics and early-pregnancy women before 14 gestational weeks were enrolled to comprise the periconceptional baseline study population. General characteristics, routine clinical data and consumption of diet supplements, such as folic acid and multivitamins, were collected.

Enhanced dewaterability of waste-activated sludge by combined cationic polyacrylamide and magnetic field pretreatment.

The potential function of combining magnetic field (MF) pretreatment with cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) additive on enhancing the dewaterability of waste-activated sludge was investigated in the present work. Two reactors were involved in a specially designed experimental apparatus, one of which was built with MF accessories. Several parameters were conducted, including CPAM dosages, MF strengths and processing times, respectively.

Sewage sludge biochar as an efficient catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction in an microbial fuel cell.

Sewage sludge (SS) biochars have been prepared under an inert atmosphere at different temperatures. Morphologic and chemical analyses reveal that the surface of the biochar carbonized at 900°C (SS900) has more abundant micropores, and higher nitrogen and iron contents as compared to those carbonized at 500 (SS500) and 700°C (SS700). The electrochemical analyses display that the prepared biochars are active for catalyzing oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).

Bacillus thermotolerans sp. nov., a thermophilic bacterium capable of reducing humus.

A novel thermotolerant bacterium, designated SgZ-8(T), was isolated from a compost sample. Cells were non-motile, endospore-forming, Gram-staining positive, oxidase-negative and catalase-positive. The isolate was able to grow at 20-65 °C (optimum 50 °C) and pH 6.