Melatonin enhances resistance to Botryosphaeria dothidea in pear by promoting jasmonic acid and phlorizin biosynthesis.

Ring rot, caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea, is an important fungal disease of pear fruit during postharvest storage. Melatonin, as a plant growth regulator, plays an important role in enhancing the stress resistance of pear fruits. It enhances the resistance of pear fruits to ring rot by enhancing their antioxidant capacity.

Mechanism of Peppermint Extract-Induced Delay of 'Packham's Triumph' Pear ( L.) Postharvest Ripening.

Postharvest ripening is correlated to the quality and shelf life of European pear fruit. In this study, the effects of peppermint extract on fruit phenotype, related physiological activities, and aroma components during postharvest ripening of the European pear variety 'Packham's Triumph' were examined. Fruit treated with 2.

Coprecipitation-based synchronous chlorantraniliprole encapsulation with chitosan: carrier-pesticide interactions and release behavior.

Background: Controlled-release pesticide formulations have emerged as a promising approach towards sustainable pest control. Herein, an environment-friendly formulation of insecticide chlorantraniliprole (CAP) was fabricated through a simple approach of coprecipitation-based synchronous encapsulation by chitosan (CTS), with carrier-pesticide interaction mechanism and release behavior investigated.

Results: The resulting CAP/CTS controlled-release formulation (CCF) showed a good loading content of 28.

Jasmonic acid negatively regulates branch growth in pear.

The quality of seedlings is an important factor for development of the pear industry. A strong seedling with few branches and suitable internodes is ideal material as a rootstock for grafting and breeding. Several branching mutants of pear rootstocks were identified previously.

Alleviation of iron deficiency in pear by ammonium nitrate and nitric oxide.

Background: Iron is essential for the growth and development of trace elements in plants, and iron deficiency can lead to leaf chlorosis. Ammonium and nitrate are the major forms of nitrogen present in soils. Ammonium nitrate alleviates the chlorosis of leaves caused by iron deficiency, but the mechanism is not clear in pear.

Bagging Strategy and Identification of Coloring Mode of 'Xinqihong' Pear.

'Xinqihong' is a recently selected and well-colored red pear ( Rehd.) cultivar that is popular in the marketplace owing to the bright red color and high quality of the fruit. The red pigmentation is strongly associated with the light signal.

Comparisons of Anatomical Characteristics and Transcriptomic Differences between Heterografts and Homografts in L.

Pear ( L.) is an important temperate fruit worldwide, and grafting is widely used in pear vegetative propagation. However, the mechanisms of graft healing or incompatibility remain poorly understood in .

Variations in Pedicel Structural Properties Among Four Pear Species (): Insights Into the Relationship Between the Fruit Characteristics and the Pedicel Structure.

Fruit pedicel is the bridge linking the parent tree and the fruit, which is an important channel for water and nutrients transport to the fruit. The genetic specificity determines the characteristics of the pedicel and the fruit, but the relationship between the pedicel structure and the fruit characteristics is unexplored. Combining the investigation of fruit characteristics, the statistical analysis of the pedicel structural properties, and the 2D and 3D anatomical observation of the pedicel, this study found distinctive contributions of the pedicel elements to the fruit characteristics in four pear species.

Pear xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases PcBRU1 promotes stem growth through regulating cell wall elongation.

Brassinosteroids (BRs) play numerous important roles in plant growth and development. Previous studies reported that BRs could promote stem growth by regulating the expression of xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases (XTHs). However, the mechanism of XTHs involved in stem growth remains unclear.

Nitrendipine-Treatment Increases Cork Spot Disorder Incidence in Pear 'Akituki' ( Nakai.) by Altering Calcium Distribution Inside the Fruit.

'Akituki' ( Nakai.) is a very popular and profitable pear cultivar in China. However, its high susceptibility to cork spot disorder has limited its expansion of cultivated area.

Differences in Anthocyanin Accumulation Patterns and Related Gene Expression in Two Varieties of Red Pear.

Red pear is a popular fruit that is appreciated for its attractive and distinctive appearance and mild flavor. In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying the red coloration of pear skin using the 'Xinqihong' cultivar-which was selected as a spontaneous bud sport mutant of the 'Xinli 7'( Rehd.) variety and has a stronger red color that is retained in the mature fruit-as an experimental model.

Characterization of the Auxin Efflux Transporter PIN Proteins in Pear.

PIN-FORMED (PIN) encodes a key auxin polar transport family that plays a crucial role in the outward transport of auxin and several growth and development processes, including dwarfing trees. We identified a dwarfing pear rootstock 'OHF51' (), which limits the growth vigor of the 'Xueqing' ( × ) scion, and isolated 14 putative PbPINs from the pear . The phylogenic relationships, structure, promoter regions, and expression patterns were analyzed.

Overexpression of PbrNHX2 gene, a Na/H antiporter gene isolated from Pyrus betulaefolia, confers enhanced tolerance to salt stress via modulating ROS levels.

Intracellular Na/H antiporters (NHXs) play important roles in plant tolerance to salt stress. However, plant NHXs functioning in salt tolerance and the underlying physiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this report, we report the identification and functional characterization of PbrNHX2 isolated from Pyrus betulaefolia.

Heterogenous expression of Pyrus pyrifolia PpCAD2 and PpEXP2 in tobacco impacts lignin accumulation in transgenic plants.

Lignin, a natural macromolecular compound, plays an important role in the texture and taste of fruit. Hard end is a physiological disorder of pear fruit, in which the level of lignification in fruit tissues is dramatically elevated. Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase and expansin genes (PpCAD2 and PpEXP2, respectively) exhibit higher levels of expression in 'Whangkeumbae' (Pyrus pyrifolia) pear fruit exhibiting this physiological disorder, relative to control fruit without symptoms.

A novel method for automatic identification of motion artifact beats in ECG recordings.

This paper presents a novel method for automatic identification of motion artifact beats in ECG recordings. The proposed method is based on the ECG complexes clustering, fuzzy logic and multi-parameters decision. Firstly, eight simulated datasets with different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were built for identification experiments.

A wireless implantable sensor network system for in vivo monitoring of physiological signals.

A wireless implantable sensor network system (WISNS) is designed for in vivo monitoring physiological signals of a population of animals. WISNS can simultaneously monitor more than 15 animals, communicating three kinds of analog information among sensor nodes. Analog signals are transmitted to relay node at 800-KHz carrier by AM.

A novel method for detection of the transition between atrial fibrillation and sinus rhythm.

Automatic detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) for AF diagnosis, especially for AF monitoring, is necessarily desirable for clinical therapy. In this study, we proposed a novel method for detection of the transition between AF and sinus rhythm based on RR intervals. First, we obtained the delta RR interval distribution difference curve from the density histogram of delta RR intervals, and then detected its peaks, which represented the AF events.

Effect of ploidy increase on transgene expression: example from Citrus diploid cybrid and allotetraploid somatic hybrid expressing the EGFP gene.

Polyploidization is an important speciation mechanism for all eukaryotes, and it has profound impacts on biodiversity dynamics and ecosystem functioning. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) has been used as an effective marker to visually screen somatic hybrids at an early stage in protoplast fusion. We have previously reported that the intensity of GFP fluorescence of regenerated embryoids was also an early indicator of ploidy level.

[Study on a non-invasive wide-range blood oxygen saturation detecting method and its instrument design].

This paper proposes a nonlinear method of detecting the blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) in a wide range on the basis of spectrophotometry, solves the nonlinear problem in detecting SpO2 in a wide range, and improves the applicable range and detection precision. CAN bus communication and DSP fast digital signal processing are utilized in the design of a non-invasive pulse blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) monitor in a wide range, which has a measure error below 3% within a range of 35% approximately 100%, and is applicable for clinical monitoring and detection of cosmonauts' physiological signals. This oximeter's components and their functions are also introduced in detail in the paper.

The establishment of an automatic separation system for marine meiobenthos.

Research of the marine meiobenthos is of great value in the marine ecology and the marine mineralogy. At present, picking up meiobenthos from the sedments manually under microscope is still prvalent in spite of the large consumption of human power and time. So that in this paper, an automatic separation system was established.