Role of PGC-1α mediated synaptic plasticity, mitochondrial function, and neuroinflammation in the antidepressant effect of Zi-Shui-Qing-Gan-Yin.

Depression is the most prevalent psychiatric disorder, which needs deeper mechanism research studies and effective therapy. Zi-Shui-Qing-Gan-Yin (ZSQGY) is a traditional Chinese medicine decoction that has been widely used in China in the treatment of depressive symptoms. The aim of the study was to examine the anti-depressive effects of ZSQGY and the possible mechanism of action in the monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced depressive model and the corticosterone (CORT)-induced PC12 cell model.

Chemical component analysis of the traditional Chinese medicine Guipi Tang and its effects on major depressive disorder at molecular level.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Guipi Tang (GPT) is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine that is used to treat major depressive disorder. However, the molecular mechanisms of its effects remain unclear.

Aim Of The Study: This study aimed to investigate the antidepressant-like effects of GPT and explore its underlying molecular mechanisms.

USP9X promotes lipopolysaccharide-stimulated acute lung injury by deubiquitination of NLRP3.

Alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) function as a vital defense barrier avoiding the invasion of exogenous agents and preserving the functional and structural integrity of lung tissues, while damage/breakdown of this airway epithelial barrier is frequently associated with the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI). NOD-like receptor family, pyrindomain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation-associated pyroptosis is involved in the development of ALI. Yet, how the activity of NLRP3 inflammasome is regulated in the context of ALI remains unknown.

Naoxintong Capsule for Secondary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke: A Multicenter, Randomized, and Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Objective: To examine whether the combination of Naoxintong Capsule with standard care could further reduce the recurrence of ischemic stroke without increasing the risk of severe bleeding.

Methods: A total of 23 Chinese medical centers participated in this trial. Adult patients with a history of ischemic stroke were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio using a block design to receive either Naoxintong Capsule (1.

Berberine suppresses cecal ligation and puncture induced intestinal injury by enhancing Treg cell function.

The gut is hypothesized to be the "motor" of critical illness and plays an important role in the development of sepsis. Berberine (BBR) is an alkaloid compound extracted from herbs, which has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative effects and can be used in intestinal infectious diseases and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). BBR could promote differentiation of Treg cells which play a key role in maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis.

Bilobalide inhibits inflammation and promotes the expression of Aβ degrading enzymes in astrocytes to rescue neuronal deficiency in AD models.

The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves multiple cell types including endothelial cells, glia, and neurons. It suggests that therapy against single target in single cell type may not be sufficient to treat AD and therapies with protective effects in multiple cell types may be more effective. Here, we comprehensively investigated the effects of bilobalide on neuroinflammation and Aβ degrading enzymes in AD cell model and mouse model.

Protective Effect of Xiao-Xu-Ming Decoction-Mediated Inhibition of ROS/NLRP3 Axis on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury and .

Background: As a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction (XXMD) could reduce the incidence of lung infection of patients with cerebral infarction. Nonetheless, the therapeutic mechanisms of XXMD in acute lung injury (ALI) remain to be elucidated. Our study was aimed to assess the effects of XXMD protects against ALI.

Destructive Effects of Pyroptosis on Homeostasis of Neuron Survival Associated with the Dysfunctional BBB-Glymphatic System and Amyloid-Beta Accumulation after Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion in Rats.

Neuroinflammation-related amyloid-beta peptide (A) accumulation after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) accounts for cerebral I/R injuries and poststroke dementia. Recently, pyroptosis, a proinflammatory cell death, has been identified as a crucial pathological link of cerebral I/R injuries. However, whether pyroptosis acts as a trigger of A accumulation after cerebral I/R has not yet been demonstrated.

Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2019 Edition).

Background: Primary liver cancer, around 90% are hepatocellular carcinoma in China, is the fourth most common malignancy and the second leading cause of tumor-related death, thereby posing a significant threat to the life and health of the Chinese people.

Summary: Since the publication of in 2018, additional high-quality evidence has emerged with relevance to the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of liver cancer in and outside China that requires the guidelines to be updated. The new edition was written by more than 70 experts in the field of liver cancer in China.

Correction: Melatonin-induced ApoE expression in mouse astrocytes protects endothelial cells from OGD-R induced injuries.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Melatonin-induced ApoE expression in mouse astrocytes protects endothelial cells from OGD-R induced injuries.

Stroke is a leading reason of death and long-term disability, and most studies mainly focus on efforts to protect neurons. However, failed clinical trials suggest that therapies against single target in neurons may not be sufficient and the involvement of endothelial cells and glial cells have been underestimated. Astrocytes are the major source of ApoE in the brain and endothelial cells express high level of ApoE receptors.

Role of glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation-mediated synaptic plasticity in anxiogenic and depressive behaviors induced by monosodium glutamate.

Psychiatric diseases and metabolic disorders frequently cooccur, yet the mechanisms underlying this interaction remain unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the role of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) phosphorylation in the comorbidity of metabolic and psychiatric disorders. Neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were subcutaneously injected with monosodium glutamate (MSG) every 2 days for 10 days after birth.

Minocycline alleviates NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis in monosodium glutamate-induced depressive rats.

Background: Inflammasome activation and followed by the release of proinflammatory cytokines play a pivotal role in the development and progression of depression. However, the involvement of gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis in inflammasome-associated depression has not been studied. The present study aimed to determine the involvement of pyroptosis in the development of depression.

Ginkgolide B protects human pulmonary alveolar epithelial A549 cells from lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses by reducing TRIM37-mediated NF-κB activation.

The treatment options for acute stroke combined with pulmonary infection are limited. Clinically, there are several therapies to promote blood circulation and dissipate blood stasis; these treatment options include ginkgolide B (GB), which has PAF (platelet activating factor)-inhibiting effects. PAF-receptor (PAF-R) antagonists are used to treat a variety of inflammatory diseases; however, the potential of PAF-R antagonists as a treatment for lung infections remains unclear.

Bilobalide protects astrocytes from oxygen and glucose deprivation-induced oxidative injury by upregulating manganese superoxide dismutase.

Bilobalide (BB), a constituent of the Ginkgo biloba extract, is a neuroprotective agent with multiple mechanisms of action. To further explore the potential therapeutic effects of BB in stroke, we investigated its effects on primary astrocytes using the oxygen and glucose deprivation-reoxygenation (OGD-R) model. Cell viability was measured by lactate dehydrogenase release assay and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay.

USP9X promotes LPS-induced pulmonary epithelial barrier breakdown and hyperpermeability by activating an NF-κBp65 feedback loop.

NF-κB is a central regulator of inflammatory and immune responses and has been shown to regulate transcription of several inflammatory factors as well as promote acute lung injury. However, the regulation of NF-κB signaling in acute lung injury has yet to be investigated. Human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEpiC) were treated with LPS to establish an acute lung injury model in vitro in which LPS stimulation resulted in pulmonary epithelial barrier breakdown and hyperpermeability.

DNA Aptamers Targeting BACE1 Reduce Amyloid Levels and Rescue Neuronal Deficiency in Cultured Cells.

β-amyloid (Aβ) plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is indispensable for Aβ production, and knockout of BACE1 has no overt phenotypes in mouse. Thus, fine modulation of BACE1 may be a safe and effective treatment for AD patients.

Sheng-Di-Da-Huang Decoction Inhibited Inflammation Expressed in Microglia after Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rats.

Objects: Sheng-Di-Da-Huang Decoction was used as an effective hemostatic agent in ancient China. However, its therapeutic mechanism is still not clear. Inflammatory injury plays a critical role in ICH-induced secondary brain injury.

Jia-Jian-Di-Huang-Yin-Zi decoction exerts neuroprotective effects on dopaminergic neurons and their microenvironment.

As a classical prescription of Traditional Chinese medicine, the Jia-Jian-Di-Huang-Yin-Zi (JJDHYZ) decoction has long been used to treat movement disorders. The present study evaluated the effects of JJDHYZ on dopaminergic (DA) neurons and their survival-enhancing microenvironment as well as the possible mechanisms involved using a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. In MPTP-lesioned mice, a high dosage of JJDHYZ (34 g/kg/day) attenuated the loss of DA neurons, reversed the dopamine depletion, and improved the expression of glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) compared to the untreated model group.

Pachymic Acid Sensitizes Gastric Cancer Cells to Radiation Therapy by Upregulating Bax through Hypoxia.

We have previously shown that pachymic acid (PA) inhibited tumorigenesis of gastric cancer (GC) cells. However, the exact mechanism underlying the radiation response of GC was still elusive. To evaluate the effects of PA treatment on radiation response of GC cell lines both in vitro and in vivo, a colony formation assay and xenograft mouse model were employed.

Leaf Extract Exerts Antidepressant-Like Effects and Inhibits Hippocampal and Cortical Apoptosis of Rats Exposed to Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress.

We investigated the effects of leaf extract (AVLE) on depressive behaviors and neuronal apoptosis in a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rat model of depression. Rats were randomly divided into six groups: control, chronic unpredictable mild stress, fluoxetine, AVLE30, AVLE60, and AVLE120. Except for the control group, all rats were submitted to chronic unpredictable mild stress paradigms for four weeks to induce depressive behavior.

The network of Shanghai Stroke Service System (4S): A public health-care web-based database using automatic extraction of electronic medical records.

Background Several stroke outcome and quality control projects have demonstrated the success in stroke care quality improvement through structured process. However, Chinese health-care systems are challenged with its overwhelming numbers of patients, limited resources, and large regional disparities. Aim To improve quality of stroke care to address regional disparities through process improvement.