The high-quality genome of uncovers the genomic mechanism of high levels of schaftoside, a promising drug candidate for treatment of COVID-19.

Recent study has evidenced that traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) plant-derived schaftoside shows promise as a potential drug candidate for COVID-19 treatment. However, the biosynthetic pathway of schaftoside in TCM plants remains unknown. In this study, the genome of the TCM herb (Osbeck) H.

From to Neuroprotection: Exploring the Potential of Wushanicaritin.

has been used for functional foods with many beneficial functions to human health. Wushanicaritin is one of the most important chemicals int . This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of wushanicaritin and potential underlying mechanisms.

Regulates the Accumulation of Phenolic Compounds in the Yellow Cap of .

is a renowned edible and medicinal fungus. Commercially cultivated occurs in two distinct phenotypes: white and yellow. However, the underlying mechanism contributing to the yellow phenotype and high nutritional value remain uncertain.

Selection and validation of reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis in Merr.

Unlabelled: Gene expression valuated by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) are often applied to study the gene function. To obtain accurate and reliable results, the usage of stable reference genes is essential for RT-qPCR analysis. The traditional southern Chinese medicinal herb, Merr is well known for its remarkable effect on the treatment of urination disturbance, urolithiasis, edema and jaundice.

The antioxidant activity and neuroprotective mechanism of isoliquiritigenin.

Glycyrrhizae radix has been widely accepted as a functional food in Asia. Isoliquiritigenin is a characteristic bioactive chemical in this medicinal plant. In this work, the neuroprotective effect of isoliquiritigenin and the possible mechanisms were investigated.

Identification of two novel prenylated flavonoids in mulberry leaf and their bioactivities.

Mulberry leaf is a vegetable used in daily diet. It can bring delicious taste and multiple health benefits. However, the chemicals responsible for these health benefits remain unveiled.

Identification of moracin N in mulberry leaf and evaluation of antioxidant activity.

Mulberry leaf is a newly accepted vegetable for daily diet. It tastes good and has multiple health benefits, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the chemicals responsible for these health benefits remain unveiled.

Mechanism of Cell Wall Polysaccharides Modification in Harvested 'Shatangju' Mandarin ( Blanco) Fruit Caused by .

Modification of cell wall polysaccharide in the plant plays an important role in response to fungi infection. However, the mechanism of fungi infection on cell wall modification need further clarification. In this study, the effects of inoculation on 'shatangju' mandarin disease development and the potential mechanism of cell wall polysaccharides modification caused by were investigated.

Immunomodulatory mechanism of α-d-(1→6)-glucan isolated from banana.

Banana is a delicious fruit with potent immunomodulatory function. In this study, α-d-(1→6)-glucan was purified from banana pulp. It could significantly promote pinocytic activity and production of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α).

Sodium para-aminosalicylate delays pericarp browning of litchi fruit by inhibiting ROS-mediated senescence during postharvest storage.

The effect of sodium para-aminosalicylate (PAS-Na) on litchi pericarp browning and the potential regulating mechanism was investigated in this study. Results showed that 0.3 g L PAS-Na significantly inhibited the development of pericarp browning and reduced respiration rate of litchi fruit.

PCDH10, a novel p53 transcriptional target in regulating cell migration.

Cell cycle arrest, senescence and apoptosis are commonly regarded as the major tumor suppression mechanisms of p53. However, accumulating evidence indicates that loss of these canonical functions is not sufficient for tumor formation, highlighting the complexity of p53-mediated tumor suppression. PCDH10 belongs to a proto cadherin protein family and is a potential tumor suppressor protein as the dysregulation of PCDH10 gene frequently existed in multiple human tumors.

Negative regulation of the acetyltransferase TIP60-p53 interplay by UHRF1 (ubiquitin-like with PHD and RING finger domains 1).

Numerous studies indicate the importance of acetylation in p53-mediated stress responses upon DNA damage. We and others previously showed that TIP60 (Tat-interacting protein of 60 kDa)-mediated acetylation of p53 at K120 is crucial for p53-dependent apoptotic responses. Nevertheless, it remains unclear how TIP60-mediated effects on p53 are dynamically regulated in vivo.

Dual Roles of MDM2 in the Regulation of p53: Ubiquitination Dependent and Ubiquitination Independent Mechanisms of MDM2 Repression of p53 Activity.

MDM2 oncogenic protein is the principal cellular antagonist of the p53 tumor suppresser gene. p53 activity needs exquisite control to elicit appropriate responses to differential cellular stress conditions. p53 becomes stabilized and active upon various types of stresses.

p53 Ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation.

p53 levels and activity are controlled in large part through regulated ubiquitination and subsequent destruction by the 26S proteasome. Monoubiquitination of p53 is mediated primarily by the RING-finger E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2 and impacts p53 activity through modulation of p53 localization and transcription activities. Recently, several E4 ubiquitin ligases (E4s) have been identified which serve to extend these monoubiquitin chains.

The histone acetyltransferase PCAF regulates p21 transcription through stress-induced acetylation of histone H3.

The activity of p53 as a tumor suppressor primarily depends on its ability to transactivate specific target genes in response to genotoxic and other potentially mutagenic stresses. Several histone acetyl transferases (HATs), including p300, CBP, PCAF and GCN5 have been implicated in the activation of p53-dependent transcription of the cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor p21 as well as other target genes. Here we show that PCAF, but not CBP or p300, is a critical regulator of p53-dependent p21 expression in response to multiple p53-activating stresses.

Ubiquitin becomes ubiquitous in cancer: emerging roles of ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases in tumorigenesis and as therapeutic targets.

By virtue of its ability to regulate both protein turnover and non-proteolytic signalling functions, ubiquitin protein conjugation has been implicated in the control of multiple cellular processes, including protein localization, cell cycle control, transcription regulation, DNA damage repair, and endocytosis. Ubiquitin metabolism enzymes have been identified as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors in a variety of cancers. Given that ubiquitin metabolism is governed by enzymes--E1, E2, E3, E4, deubiquitinases (DUBs), and the proteasome- the system as a whole is ripe for target and drug discovery in cancer.

CBP and p300 are cytoplasmic E4 polyubiquitin ligases for p53.

p300 and CREB-binding protein (CBP) act as multifunctional regulators of p53 via acetylase and polyubiquitin ligase (E4) activities. Prior work in vitro has shown that the N-terminal 595 aa of p300 encode both generic ubiquitin ligase (E3) and p53-directed E4 functions. Analysis of p300 or CBP-deficient cells revealed that both coactivators were required for endogenous p53 polyubiquitination and the normally rapid turnover of p53 in unstressed cells.

Regulation of the MDM2-p53 pathway by ribosomal protein L11 involves a post-ubiquitination mechanism.

Inhibition of the MDM2-p53 feedback loop is critical for p53 activation in response to cellular stresses. The ribosomal proteins L5, L11, and L23 can block this loop by inhibiting MDM2-mediated p53 ubiquitination and degradation in response to ribosomal stress. Here, we show that L11, but not L5 and L23, leads to a drastic accumulation of ubiquitinated and native MDM2.

Connecting the navigational clock to sun compass input in monarch butterfly brain.

Migratory monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) use a time-compensated sun compass to navigate to their overwintering grounds in Mexico. Although polarized light is one of the celestial cues used for orientation, the spectral content (color) of that light has not been fully explored. We cloned the cDNAs of three visual pigment-encoding opsins (ultraviolet [UV], blue, and long wavelength) and found that all three are expressed uniformly in main retina.