Electroacupuncture at Zusanli (ST36) Alleviate Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Regulating the Cholinergic-miRNA 124 Pathway.

Objective: Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IIRI) is common in a variety of critical diseases and acute stress, and acupuncture is a promising treatment for IIRI. The aim of this study is to explore the mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) at Zusanli (ST36) in improving IIRI from the perspective of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) and miRNA 124.

Methods: Seven groups of mice were performed: Control group, I/R group (IIRI model), EA group (I/R + EA), miRNA mimic group (I/R + EA + miRNA 124 mimic), miRNA inhibitor group (I/R + EA + miRNA 124 inhibitor), PNU group (I/R + EA + α7nAChR agonist), and MLA group (I/R + EA+ α7nAChR antagonist).

Antitoxin MqsA decreases antibiotic susceptibility through the global regulator AgtR in .

Type II toxin-antitoxin systems are highly prevalent in bacterial genomes and play crucial roles in the general stress response. Previously, we demonstrated that the type II antitoxin PfMqsA regulates biofilm formation through the global regulator AgtR in . Here, we found that both the C-terminal DNA-binding domain of PfMqsA and AgtR are involved in bacterial antibiotic susceptibility.

Genesis of Low CBM Production in Mid-Deep Reservoirs and Methods to Increase Regional Production: A Case Study in the Zhengzhuang Minefield, Qinshui Basin, China.

With the increase of the burial depth of the no. 3 coal seam in the Zhengzhuang minefield of Qinshui Basin, the production of surface coal bed methane (CBM) vertical wells was low. By means of theoretical analysis and numerical calculation, the causes of low production of CBM vertical wells were studied from the aspects of reservoir physical properties, development technology, stress conditions, and desorption characteristics.

Two-Stream Retentive Long Short-Term Memory Network for Dense Action Anticipation.

Analyzing and understanding human actions in long-range videos has promising applications, such as video surveillance, automatic driving, and efficient human-computer interaction. Most researches focus on short-range videos that predict a single action in an ongoing video or forecast an action several seconds earlier before it occurs. In this work, a novel method is proposed to forecast a series of actions and their durations after observing a partial video.

Proteomic analysis reveals the mechanism of different environmental stress-induced tolerance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to monochloramine disinfection.

Although drinking water disinfection proved to be an effective strategy to eliminate many pathogens, bacteria can still show disinfection tolerance in drinking water distribution systems. To date, the molecular mechanisms on how environmental stress affects the tolerance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to monochloramine are not well understood. Here, we investigated how three stress conditions, namely starvation, low temperature, and starvation combined with low temperature, affected the monochloramine tolerance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen commonly found in drinking water distribution systems.

The Regulator PltZ Regulates a Putative ABC Transporter System PltIJKNOP of ATCC 27853 in Response to the Antimicrobial 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol.

is an opportunistic pathogen commonly infecting immunocompromised patients with diseases like cystic fibrosis (CF) and cancers and has high rates of recurrence and mortality. The treatment efficacy can be significantly worsened by the multidrug resistance (MDR) of , and there is increasing evidence showing that it is easy for this pathogen to develop MDR. Here, we identified a gene cluster, , which was originally assumed to be involved in the biosynthesis of an antimicrobial pyoluteorin, significantly contributing to the antibiotic resistance of ATCC 27853.

The antitoxin MqsA homologue in Pseudomonas fluorescens 2P24 has a rewired regulatory circuit through evolution.

The mqsRA operon encodes a toxin-antitoxin pair that was characterized to participate in biofilm and persister cell formation in Escherichia coli. Notably, the antitoxin MqsA possesses a C-terminal DNA-binding domain that recognizes the [5'-AACCT(N) AGGTT-3'] motif and acts as a transcriptional regulator controlling multiple genes including the general stress response regulator RpoS. However, it is unknown how the transcriptional circuits of MqsA homologues have changed in bacteria over evolutionary time.

Expression and bioactivity of recombinant human serum albumin and dTMP fusion proteins in CHO cells.

The 14-amino acid (IEGPTLRQWLAARA) thrombopoietin mimetic peptide (TMP) shares no sequence homology with native thrombopoietin (TPO). When dimerized, it displays a high-binding affinity for the TPO receptor and has equipotent bioactivity with recombinant human TPO (rhTPO) in stimulating proliferation and maturation of megakaryocytes in vitro. However, TMP is limited for clinical usage because of its short half-life in vivo.

A new norsesquiterpenoid from Ligularia virgaurea.

A new eremophilane norsesquiterpenoid (1), together with a known eremophilane sesquiterpenoid (2), was isolated from the leaves of Ligularia virgaurea. The structure of 1 was elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic analysis (IR, 1D NMR, 2D NMR, and HR-ESI-MS), and its absolute configuration was determined by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiment (with copper radiation). The known compound 2 was identified by comparison of its physical and spectral data with those reported in the literature.

Synergistic effects of Akt1 shRNA and paclitaxel-incorporated conjugated linoleic acid-coupled poloxamer thermosensitive hydrogel on breast cancer.

The phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt1 signaling pathway has emerged as a target for cancer therapy. In this study, we aimed to develop a strategy to enhance Akt-targeted cancer therapy. We hypothesized that combination of Akt1-targeted therapy with conventional chemotherapy using paclitaxel-incorporated conjugated linoleic acid-coupled poloxamer thermosensitive hydrogel may have synergistic effects in cancer therapeutic efficiency compared with chemotherapy alone.

Enhanced anti-cancer effect of 5-fluorouracil loaded into thermo-responsive conjugated linoleic acid-incorporated poloxamer hydrogel on metastatic colon cancer models.

Conjugated linoleic acid-coupled Pluronic F127 (Plu-CLA) is an effective drug delivery system with numerous advantages and anti-cancer activity. 5-FU administered in Plu-CLA hydrogel (P-FU) led to the significant enhancement of tumor growth suppression and cellular apoptosis. Moreover, growth of hepatic and intraperitoneal metastases in vivo was significantly reduced in mice treated with P-FU.

Alpha-eleostearic acid suppresses proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells via activation of PPARgamma and inhibition of ERK 1 / 2.

Alpha-eleostearic acid (alpha-ESA) is known to suppress the growth in cancer cells although its underlying molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. The present study was designed to elucidate and evaluate the anticancer mechanism of alpha-ESA on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Also, an attempt was made to better understand the anticancer mechanism by which alpha-ESA activated PPARgamma and attenuated the ERK1/2 MAPK phosphorylation state.

Synergistic anti-tumor activity of paclitaxel-incorporated conjugated linoleic acid-coupled poloxamer thermosensitive hydrogel in vitro and in vivo.

Local delivery of anti-tumor drugs provides a high local concentration and decreases the incidence of side effects commonly observed with systemic therapy. Hydrogel systems are commonly used as a local drug delivery system. In this study, we prepared a novel thermosensitive conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-coupled poloxamer hydrogel for local delivery of paclitaxel (PTX) to gain the benefits of the pro-drug activity of the CLA-coupled poloxamer and enhanced PTX solubility due to the micellar property of the CLA-coupled poloxamer.

PEGylated conjugated linoleic acid stimulation of apoptosis via a p53-mediated signaling pathway in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

The objective of this study was to investigate whether PEGylated conjugated linoleic acid (PCLA), as compared with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) alone, displays anti-cancer properties in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. To generate PCLA, CLA was simply coupled to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) at the melting state of PEG without a solvent or a catalyst. The coupling reaction generated an ester linkage between the carboxyl group of CLA and hydroxyl one of PEG.

pH-sensitive and mucoadhesive thiolated Eudragit-coated chitosan microspheres.

The aim of this study was using Eudragit-cysteine conjugate to coat on chitosan microspheres (CMs) for developing an oral protein drug delivery system, having mucoadhesive and pH-sensitive property. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a protein model drug was loaded in thiolated Eudragit-coated CMs (TECMs) to study the release character of the delivery system. After thiolated Eudragit coating, it was found that the release rate of BSA from BSA-loaded TECMs was observably suppressed at pH 2.

Lipolysis is stimulated by PEGylated conjugated linoleic acid through the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-independent signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 cells: activation of MEK/ERK MAPK signaling pathway and hyper-secretion of adipo-cytokines.

We previously reported that PEGylated conjugated linoleic acid (PCLA) as a pro-drug treatment of cultures of 3T3-L1 cells containing differentiated adipocytes caused de-differentiation by downregulation of PPARgamma2-induced adipogenesis, and cell apoptosis induced by PCLA was lower than that induced by conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) owing to the biocompatible and hydrophilic properties of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). To further investigate our previous observations, the present study is designed to evaluate the lipolytic action of PCLA and its role in biochemical signaling pathways of 3T3-L1 cells when compared to the CLA itself. Although both CLA and PCLA stimulated lipolysis, our results indicated a sensitivity difference between CLA and PCLA treatment: a time-dependent effect on lipolysis and p-extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK) expression was observed for PCLA-treated, but not for CLA-treated cultures.

Enhanced anticancer effect of conjugated linoleic acid by conjugation with Pluronic F127 on MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

This study is designed to evaluate whether conjugated linoleic acid-coupled Pluronic F127 (Plu-CLA) enhances anticancer efficacy in MCF-7 breast cancer cells when compared to conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) itself. CLA was simply coupled to Pluronic F127 through ester linkage between carboxyl group of CLA and hydroxyl one of Pluronic at melting state without solvent or catalyst. Plu-CLA significantly enhanced apoptosis with increasing concentration compared with CLA itself.

Leptin-induced matrix metalloproteinase-2 secretion is suppressed by trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid.

It has long been recognized that leptin, a hormone made by adipocytes, is an important circulating signal for the regulation of body weight. In addition, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), especially MMP-2, an adipocyte-secreted protein which promotes multi-cellular adipose clusters, is up-regulated in obesity. The present study is designed to evaluate whether trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (t-CLA) can suppress leptin-induced MMP-2 secretion in 3T3-L1 cells.