Correction: Parallel Screening of Wild-Type and Drug-Resistant Targets for Anti-Resistance Neuraminidase Inhibitors.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Carbonized Lysine-Nanogels Protect against Infectious Bronchitis Virus.

In this study, we demonstrate the synthesis of carbonized nanogels (CNGs) from an amino acid (lysine hydrochloride) using a simple pyrolysis method, resulting in effective viral inhibition properties against infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). The viral inhibition of CNGs was studied using both in vitro (bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) and pseudorabies virus (PRV)) and in ovo (IBV) models, which indicated that the CNGs were able to prevent virus attachment on the cell membrane and penetration into the cell. A very low concentration of 30 μg mL was found to be effective (>98% inhibition) in IBV-infected chicken embryos.

Parallel screening of wild-type and drug-resistant targets for anti-resistance neuraminidase inhibitors.

Infection with influenza virus is a major public health problem, causing serious illness and death each year. Emergence of drug-resistant influenza virus strains limits the effectiveness of drug treatment. Importantly, a dual H275Y/I223R mutation detected in the pandemic influenza A 2009 virus strain results in multidrug resistance to current neuraminidase (NA) drugs.

Suppression of Stat3 activity sensitizes gefitinib-resistant non small cell lung cancer cells.

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a proven therapeutic target to treat a small subset of non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring activating mutations within the EGFR gene. However, many NSCLC patients are not sensitive to EGFR inhibitors, suggesting that other factors are implicated in survival of NSCLC cells. Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (Stat3) function as transcription factor to mediate cell survival and differentiation and the dysregulation of Stat3 has been discovered in a number of cancers.