Wing base structural data support the sister relationship of megaloptera and neuroptera (insecta: neuropterida).

The phylogenetic status and the monophyly of the holometabolous insect order Megaloptera has been an often disputed and long unresolved problem. The present study attempts to infer phylogenetic relationships among three orders, Megaloptera, Neuroptera, and Raphidioptera, within the superorder Neuropterida, based on wing base structure. Cladistic analyses were carried out based on morphological data from both the fore- and hindwing base.

The complete mitochondrial genome and its remarkable secondary structure for a stonefly Acroneuria hainana Wu (Insecta: Plecoptera, Perlidae).

The Plecoptera (stoneflies) is a hemimetabolous order of insects, whose larvae are usually used as indicators for fresh water biomonitoring. Herein, we describe the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of a stonefly species, namely Acroneuria hainana Wu belonging to the family Perlidae. This mt genome contains 13 PCGs, 22 tRNA-coding genes and 2 rRNA-coding genes that are conserved in most insect mt genomes, and it also has the identical gene order with the insect ancestral gene order.

Solitary plasmacytoma of the sternum with a spiculated periosteal reaction: A case report.

Solitary plasmacytomas (SPs) represent ≤5% of all plasma cell neoplasms and mostly occur in the spine, pelvis, ribs and pectoral girdle, while rarely occurring in the sternum. The tumors typically appear as osteolytic lesions. In rare cases, SPs can manifest as bony spicules on the surface of the bone.

Five new species of Minettia (Minettiella) (Diptera, Lauxaniidae) from China.

Five species of Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 from the South of China are described as new to science: Minettia (Minettiella) bawanglingensissp. n., Minettia (Minettiella) clavatasp.

Sclerotic multiple myeloma with an unusual sunburst periosteal reaction occurring in the sternum.

Multiple myeloma is a disseminated neoplastic monoclonal gammopathy that usually affects the skull, clavicle, rib, pelvis, spinal column, and proximal portions of the humerus and femur. The initial manifestation of multiple myeloma in the sternum is rare. The classic radiological presentations of multiple myeloma are multiple "punched-out" areas of bone destruction, expansile lytic lesions, and generalized osteoporosis.

[Clinicopathologic features and prognosis of primary bone anaplastic large cell lymphoma].

Objective: To study the clinicopathologic features, differential diagnosis and prognosis of primary bone anaplastic large cell lymphoma(ALCL).

Methods: Twelve patients diagnosed with primary bone ALCL were retrospectively reviewed. The clinicopathologic features, immunohistochemic findings and results of in situ hybridization for EB virus were analyzed.

Species of Blepharicera Macquart from China with descriptions of two new species (Diptera: Blephariceridae).

Blepharicera asiatica (Brodsky, 1930) is newly recorded from China. Two species, Blepharicera hainana sp. nov.

Recombinant expression of a novel fungal immunomodulatory protein with human tumor cell antiproliferative activity from Nectria haematococca.

To our best knowledge, all of the fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) have been successfully extracted and identified in Basidomycetes, with only the exception of FIP from ascomycete Nectria haematococca (FIP-nha) discovered through homology alignment most recently. In this work, a gene encoding FIP-nha was synthesized and recombinantly expressed in an Escherichia coli expression system. SDS-PAGE and MALDI-MS analyses of recombinant FIP-nha (rFIP-nha) indicated that the gene was successfully expressed.

Adaptive evolution of the STRA6 genes in mammalian.

Stimulated by retinoic acid 6 (STRA6) is the receptor for retinol binding protein and is relevant for the transport of retinol to specific sites such as the eye. The adaptive evolution mechanism that vertebrates have occupied nearly every habitat available on earth and adopted various lifestyles associated with different light conditions and visual challenges, as well as their role in development and adaptation is thus far unknown. In this work, we have investigated different aspects of vertebrate STRA6 evolution and used molecular evolutionary analyses to detect evidence of vertebrate adaptation to the lightless habitat.

The complete mitochondrial genome of a stonefly species, Togoperla sp. (Plecoptera: Perlidae).

The complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of a stonefly species, Togoperla sp. (Plecoptera: Perlidae), was sequenced. The 15,723 bp long genome has the standard metazoan complement of 37 genes and an A+T-rich region, which is the same as the insect ancestral genome arrangement.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Dixella sp. (Diptera: Nematocera, Dixidae).

In the present paper, the first complete mitochondrial genome of the family Dixidae is reported. The complete mitochondrial genome of Dixella sp. is a circular molecule of 15,574 bp in length, containing all 37 genes including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (srRNA and lrRNA), and a long control region.

The first mitochondrial genomes of antlion (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) and split-footed lacewing (Neuroptera: Nymphidae), with phylogenetic implications of Myrmeleontiformia.

In the holometabolous insect order Neuroptera (lacewings), the cosmopolitan Myrmeleontidae (antlions) are the most species-rich family, while the closely related Nymphidae (split-footed lacewings) are a small endemic family from the Australian-Malesian region. Both families belong to the suborder Myrmeleontiformia, within which controversial hypotheses on the interfamilial phylogenetic relationships exist. Herein, we describe the complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes of an antlion (Myrmeleon immanis Walker, 1853) and a split-footed lacewing (Nymphes myrmeleonoides Leach, 1814), representing the first mt genomes for both families.

The complete mitochondrial genomes of Musca domestica and Scathophaga stercoraria (Diptera: Muscoidea: Muscidae and Scathophagidae).

The complete mitochondrial genomes of Musca domestica (Muscidae) and Scathophaga stercoraria (Scathophagidae) are circular molecules of 16,108 bp and 16,223 bp in length, respectively. The first complete mitochondrial genome of Scathophagidae is reported here. Both genomes contain all 37 genes, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and a large control region, with conserved arrangement pattern reported in all cyclorrhaphan flies.

The genus Dolichocephala newly found in Shaanxi Province (China), with descriptions of three new species (Diptera: Empididae).

The genus Dolichocephala is recorded from Shaanxi Province (China) for the first time. The following three new species are described: Dolichocephala brevis sp. nov.

Review of the genus Chrysotimus Loew from Tibet (Diptera, Dolichopodidae).

A review of the species of the genus Chrysotimus from Tibet is provided. The following four species are described as new to science: C. motuoensis sp.

A chitosan-graft-PEI-candesartan conjugate for targeted co-delivery of drug and gene in anti-angiogenesis cancer therapy.

A multifunctional copolymer-anticancer conjugate chitosan-graft-polyethyleneimine-candesartan (CPC) containing low molecular weight chitosan (CS) backbone and polyethyleneimine (PEI) arms with candesartan (CD) conjugated via an amide bond was fabricated as a targeted co-delivery nanovector of drug and gene for potential cancer therapy. Here, CD was utilized to specifically bind to overexpressed angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) of tumor cells, strengthen endosomal buffering capacity of CPC and suppress tumor angiogenesis. The self-assembled CPC/pDNA complexes exhibited desirable and homogenous particle size, moderate positive charges, superior stability, and efficient release of drug and gene in vitro.

Five new species of Centorisoma Becker from China, with an updated key to world species (Diptera, Chloropidae).

A review of the species of the genus Centorisoma Becker from China is provided. The following 5 species are described as new to science: C. convexum sp.

The complete mitochondrial genome of a fishfly, Dysmicohermes ingens (Chandler) (Megaloptera: Corydalidae: Chauliodinae).

The complete mt genome of a fishfly species, Dysmicohermes ingens (Megaloptera: Corydalidae: Chauliodinae), was sequenced. The 16,271 bp long genome has the standard metazoan complement of 37 genes and an A+T-rich region, in the insect ancestral genome arrangement. All protein coding genes (PCGs) initiate with ATN except that cox1 initiates with CGA and nad1 initiates with TTG.

Mucha Ozerov and Ortalischema Frey newly recorded from China with descriptions of two new species (Diptera, Sepsidae).

Eleven genera and 55 species of Sepsidae were known to occur in China. Here two genera, Mucha Ozerov and Ortalischema Frey, are newly reported from China with the following two new species: Mucha liangi sp. nov.

[Expression and polyclonal antibody preparation of HPV-11E7 protein].

Objective: To express human papillomavirus type 11, E7 protein (HPV11E7) via a prokaryotic expression vector and produce anti-HPV11E7 polyclonal antibody.

Methods: A prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-4T2-HPV11E7 was constructed and soluble GST-HPV11E7 fusion protein was expressed in E.coli by IPTG induction and purified.

Direct cytosolic siRNA delivery by reconstituted high density lipoprotein for target-specific therapy of tumor angiogenesis.

We described here the mechanisms by which small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules incorporated in reconstituted high density lipoprotein (rHDL) were efficiently transferred into the cytoplasm of cells to perform target-specific therapy of tumor angiogenesis. Using fluorescent-tagged apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and cholesterol-conjugated siRNA (Chol-siRNA), it was confirmed with FACS and confocal microscopic measurements that Chol-siRNA-loaded rHDL nanoparticles (rHDL/Chol-siRNA complexes) were successfully established and apoA-I certainly was attached to the surface of Chol-siRNA-loaded lipoplexes (Lipos/Chol-siRNA complexes). Stably assembled rHDL/Chol-siRNA complexes demonstrated proper nanosize, quasi-spherical shape and improved nuclease protection over naked Chol-siRNA.

Revision of the Megaloptera (Insecta: Neuropterida) of Madagascar.

The Megaloptera fauna of Madagascar comprise two endemic genera: Haplosialis Navás, 1927 (Sialidae) and Madachauliodes Paulian, 1951 (Corydalidae: Chauliodinae). Here the two genera are revised, with detailed descriptions and illustrations. A new species, Madachauliodes bicuspidatus Liu, Price & Hayashi, sp.

A review of the genus Rhipidia Meigen from China, with descriptions of seven new species (Diptera, Limoniidae).

The genus Rhipidia Meigen, 1818 from China is reviewed. Twenty-one species are presented, of which seven species, Rhipidia (Rhipidia) bilobata sp. nov.