Human Papillomavirus Vaccine-Related Risk Perceptions Do Not Predict Sexual Initiation Among Young Women Over 30 Months Following Vaccination.

Purpose: We examined longitudinally the relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine-related risk perceptions and initiation of sexual activity among adolescent women over 30 months after HPV vaccination.

Methods: Participants included 91 sexually inexperienced women aged 13-21 years receiving the HPV vaccine who completed at least three of five study visits. At every visit, participants completed surveys assessing HPV vaccine-related risk perceptions (perceived risk of sexually transmitted infections [STIs] other than HPV, perceived need for safer sexual behaviors), and sexual initiation.

Differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated women explain increase in non-vaccine-type human papillomavirus in unvaccinated women after vaccine introduction.

The aim of this study was to determine whether an observed increase in non-vaccine-type human papillomavirus (HPV) in unvaccinated women during the first eight years after vaccine introduction may be explained by differences in demographics or sexual behaviors, instead of type replacement. We analyzed data from three cross-sectional surveillance studies of 13-26 year-old women (total N = 1180). For women recruited from a health department clinic, older age (OR = 1.

Author Correction: Metabolic Biomarkers for Prognostic Prediction of Pre-diabetes: results from a longitudinal cohort study.

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML version of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.

Forecasting carbon dioxide emissions based on a hybrid of mixed data sampling regression model and back propagation neural network in the USA.

The accurate forecast of carbon dioxide emissions is critical for policy makers to take proper measures to establish a low carbon society. This paper discusses a hybrid of the mixed data sampling (MIDAS) regression model and BP (back propagation) neural network (MIDAS-BP model) to forecast carbon dioxide emissions. Such analysis uses mixed frequency data to study the effects of quarterly economic growth on annual carbon dioxide emissions.

Beneficial effect of resveratrol on α‑naphthyl isothiocyanate‑induced cholestasis via regulation of the FXR pathway.

Cholestasis is defined as a functional impairment of bile secretion which results in the accumulation of bile acids (BAs) and other toxic molecules in the blood and liver, however, there are very few effective therapies for cholestasis. The farnesoid X receptor (FXR), as a nuclear receptor for BAs, is important in the regulation of BA levels in enterohepatic circulation. It has previously been demonstrated that activation of the FXR pathway may be a useful strategy with which to treat cholestasis.

An International, Multicenter, Observational Study of Cerebral Oxygenation during Infant and Neonatal Anesthesia.

Background: General anesthesia during infancy is associated with neurocognitive abnormalities. Potential mechanisms include anesthetic neurotoxicity, surgical disease, and cerebral hypoxia-ischemia. This study aimed to determine the incidence of low cerebral oxygenation and associated factors during general anesthesia in infants.

Towards physicochemical and biological effects on detachment and activity recovery of aging biofilm by enzyme and surfactant treatments.

In order to explore physicochemical and biological effects on detachment and activity recovery of aging biofilm by enzyme and surfactant treatments, two kinds of biofilm processes, i.e. biological aeration filter (BAF) and moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR), and multiple indicators including water quality, biofilm morphology, activity and microbial community structure, were employed.

The diversity, distribution and function of N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) in industrial anaerobic granular sludge.

Although AHL-mediated quorum sensing (QS) signaling has been proved to be ecologically important in biofilm formation and aerobic granulation process, the biological role of AHL in anaerobic granule has not been experimentally investigated. In this paper, we explored the AHL level in 10 full-scale industrial anaerobic granular bioreactors and detected a total of 4 kinds of AHLs. C8-HSL and C10-HSL were indicated to be the potentially universal QS signal molecules in anaerobic granules and involved in extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production and granulation process.

Estimation of spatial distribution of quorum sensing signaling in sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) biofilms.

Quorum sensing (QS) signaling, plays a significant role in regulating formation of biofilms in the nature; however, little information about the occurrence and distribution of quorum sensing molecular in the biofilm of carriers has been reported. In this study, distribution of QS signaling molecules (the acylated homoserine lactones-AHLs, and AI-2), extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the mechanical properties in sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) biofilms have been investigated. Using increased centrifugal force, the biofilms were detached into different fractions.

Determination and Variation of Core Bacterial Community in a Two-Stage Full-Scale Anaerobic Reactor Treating High-Strength Pharmaceutical Wastewater.

Knowledge on the functional characteristics and temporal variation of anaerobic bacterial populations is important for better understanding of the microbial process of two-stage anaerobic reactors. However, owing to the high diversity of anaerobic bacteria, close attention should be prioritized to the frequently abundant bacteria that were defined as core bacteria and putatively functionally important. In this study, using MiSeq sequencing technology, the core bacterial community of 98 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was determined in a two-stage upflow blanket filter reactor treating pharmaceutical wastewater.

MicroRNA-218 functions as a tumor suppressor in lung cancer by targeting IL-6/STAT3 and negatively correlates with poor prognosis.

Background: Aberrant expression of microRNAs in different human cancer types has been widely reported. MiR-218 acts as a tumor suppressor in diverse human cancer types impacting regulation of multiple genes in oncogenic pathways. Here, we evaluated the expression and function of miR-218 in human lung cancer and ALDH positive lung cancer cells to understand the potential mechanisms responsible for disease pathology.

Selective effects of non-thermal atmospheric plasma on triple-negative breast normal and carcinoma cells through different cell signaling pathways.

Non-thermal atmospheric plasma (NTP) has shown its selective anticancer effects in many types of tumors in vitro and one of the main mechanisms is that the different increase of intracellular ROS in cancer and homologous normal cells. In this study, we report that NTP treatment reduces the proliferation in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and normal cell lines. Simultaneously, STAT3 pathway is inhibited by NTP effects.

Metabolic Biomarkers for Prognostic Prediction of Pre-diabetes: results from a longitudinal cohort study.

To investigate the metabolic biomarkers of predicting the transition from pre-diabetes (pre-DM) to normal glucose regulation (NGR) and diabetes (DM) in a longitudinal cohort study. 108 participants with pre-DM were followed up for ten years and divided into 3 groups according to different glycemic outcomes. 20 participants progressed to DM, 20 regressed to NGR, and 68 remained at pre-DM.

Fluidized-bed Fenton coupled with ceramic membrane separation for advanced treatment of flax wastewater.

Fluidized-bed Fenton coupled with ceramic membrane separation to treat the flax secondary effluent was investigated. The operating variables, including initial pH, dosage of HO and Fe, air flow rate, TMP and pore size, were optimized. The distributions of DOMs in the treatment process were analyzed.

Vertical sleeve gastrectomy reverses diet-induced gene-regulatory changes impacting lipid metabolism.

Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) produces sustainable weight loss, remission of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and improvement of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the metabolic benefits of VSG have remained elusive. According to our previous results, diet-induced obesity induces epigenetic modifications to chromatin in mouse liver.

Stabilization of the c-Myc Protein by CAMKIIγ Promotes T Cell Lymphoma.

Although high c-Myc protein expression is observed alongside MYC amplification in some cancers, in most cases protein overexpression occurs in the absence of gene amplification, e.g., T cell lymphoma (TCL).

BsmR degrades c-di-GMP to modulate biofilm formation of nosocomial pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.

c-di-GMP is a cellular second messenger that regulates diverse bacterial processes, including swimming, biofilm formation and virulence. However, in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, a nosocomial pathogen that frequently infects immunodeficient or immunoincompetent patients, the regulatory function of c-di-GMP remains unclear. Here we show that BsmR is a negative regulator of biofilm development that degrades c-di-GMP through its EAL domain.

Engineering application of anaerobic ammonium oxidation process in wastewater treatment.

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox), a promising biological nitrogen removal process, has been verified as an efficient, sustainable and cost-effective alternative to conventional nitrification and denitrification processes. To date, more than 110 full-scale anammox plants have been installed and are in operation, treating industrial NH-rich wastewater worldwide, and anammox-based technologies are flourishing. This review the current state of the art for engineering applications of the anammox process, including various anammox-based technologies, reactor selection and attempts to apply it at different wastewater plants.

Plantago asiatica L. Seed Extract Improves Lipid Accumulation and Hyperglycemia in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice.

Obesity and its common association with type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases are worldwide epidemics. Currently, to prevent or treat obesity and associated metabolic disorders, herbal dietary supplements or medicines have attracted more and more attention owing to their relative effectiveness with fewer significant side effects. We investigate the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of L.

[Advances in immunotherapeutic research of sepsis].

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host responses to infection. Despite decades of research, it remains the leading cause of death in intensive care units (ICUs). None of the current treatment, including antibiotics, organ protection and liquid resuscitation, is specifically effective for sepsis.

DNA methylation at the mu-1 opioid receptor gene () promoter predicts preoperative, acute, and chronic postsurgical pain after spine fusion.

Introduction: The perioperative pain experience shows great interindividual variability and is difficult to predict. The mu-1 opioid receptor gene () is known to play an important role in opioid-pain pathways. Since deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation is a potent repressor of gene expression, DNA methylation was evaluated at the promoter, as a predictor of preoperative, acute, and chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP).

Comparison of Postoperative Respiratory Monitoring by Acoustic and Transthoracic Impedance Technologies in Pediatric Patients at Risk of Respiratory Depression.

Background: In children, postoperative respiratory rate (RR) monitoring by transthoracic impedance (TI), capnography, and manual counting has limitations. The rainbow acoustic monitor (RAM) measures continuous RR noninvasively by a different methodology. Our primary aim was to compare the degree of agreement and accuracy of RR measurements as determined by RAM and TI to that of manual counting.

Different phenotypes of monocytes in patients with new-onset mild acute pancreatitis.

Aim: To evaluate the numbers of different subsets of monocytes and their associations with the values of clinical measures in mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) patients.

Methods: The study included one group of 13 healthy controls and another group of 24 patients with new-onset MAP. The numbers of different subsets of monocytes were examined in these two groups of subjects by flow cytometry.

Sedation methods for transthoracic echocardiography in children with Trisomy 21-a retrospective study.

Background: Many children with Trisomy 21 have neurologic or behavioral problems that make it difficult for them to remain still during noninvasive imaging studies, such as transthoracic echocardiograms (TTEcho). Recently, intranasal dexmedetomidine sedation has been introduced for this purpose. However, dexmedetomidine has been associated with bradycardia.

Development of an extraction method and LC-MS analysis for N-acylated-l-homoserine lactones (AHLs) in wastewater treatment biofilms.

N-Acylated-l-homoserine lactones (AHLs) play a vital role in Gram-negative bacteria communication by promoting the formation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and biofilms. However, the low concentration of these AHL signals makes the process difficult to understand. A robust and sensitive pretreatment method for AHL detection was developed in this work.