Deciphering Annona's Anticancer Potential: Comparative Analysis of Crude Extract Versus Nanoformulation on SCC-25 Oral Cancer Cells Through cell Viability, Apoptosis, Cell Cycle, ROS, and MMP Analysis.

Introduction: Annona muricata contains acetogenins, which have shown promising anticancer activity against various cell lines. This study aims to evaluate and compare the anticancer activity of the crude extract of Annona muricata and its nano formulation on Squamous Cell Carcinoma-25 (SCC-25) oral cancer cell lines.

Methods: The crude extract of Annona muricata was prepared using standard extraction techniques, while its nano formulation was synthesized through nanoparticle fabrication methods.

A Pilot Study on the Safety and Adequacy of a Novel Ecofriendly Hemodialysis Prescription-Green Nephrology.

Introduction: Hemodialysis (HD) units require large quantities of water. To reduce water consumption without compromising the adequacy and safety of dialysis, we studied a novel HD prescription with high temperature and low flow dialysate.

Methods: This was a single-center nonrandomized open-label cross-over pilot trial in patients with end-stage kidney disease on maintenance HD.

Validation of Diagnostic Utility of Salivary Urea in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in Chennai: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Serum urea levels are essential for the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD), as they are a measure of renal function. Salivary urea has been used as an alternative to serum urea in patients with CKD.

Aim: To estimate serum urea levels and their correlation with salivary urea levels in order to validate the use of saliva as an alternative diagnostic tool for renal dysfunction.

Ganglion cyst of temporomandibular joint - A systematic review.

Ganglion cyst of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is an uncommon pathology with uncertain etiology. There is no consensus on their management. The current systematic review aimed to discuss the clinical and histopathological features of ganglion cysts of TMJ, to aid in appropriate treatment.

Salivary and serum acetaldehyde levels in betel quid chewers, pan masala chewers with or without tobacco and tobacco smokers: A comparative study using head space gas chromatography.

Background: Acetaldehyde, a natural by-product of combustion and photo-oxidation, has been detected at low levels in cigarette smoke. Various literature studies have shown increased salivary acetaldehyde production among smokers and heavy drinkers.

Aim: The present investigation was performed to estimate the salivary and serum acetaldehyde levels in pan masala chewers (with or without tobacco), betel quid chewers and tobacco smokers.

Efficacy of Corticosteroids in Infection-Related Glomerulonephritis-A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction: Infection-related glomerulonephritis (IRGN) is associated with glomerular immune complex deposition along with complement activation. Steroids may attenuate glomerular injury and thereby improve renal outcomes.

Methods: We randomly assigned patients who had biopsy-proven IRGN and serum creatinine greater than 1.

Analysis of Metabolic Regulators PGC1-α and PGC1-β in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma with and without Hyperglycemia.

Aim: To assess the expression of PGC1-α and PGC1-β in Oral squamous cell carcinoma in the presence and absence of hyperglycemia.

Materials And Methods: Fresh tissue samples were collected from 14 well differentiated OSCC patients with hyperglycemia, 14 OSCC patients without hyperglycemia  and 14 healthy controls and subjected to quantitative real-time PCR to assess expression of PGC1-α and PGC1-β. The relative gene expression of PGC1-α and PGC1-β was calculated using the double delta Ct method.

Assessment of knowledge and awareness of forensic odontology among dentists in Tamil Nadu - A systematic review.

Aim: The aim of the study is to analyze the knowledge, attitude and practice of forensic odontology among dental practitioners in Tamil Nadu.

Materials And Methods: Forensic odontology has immense importance in examining dental evidence and in the identification of victims of mass disaster, abuse or organized crimes. Hence, a cross-sectional survey study was conducted in a sample of 252 dental practitioners practicing in various cities in Tamil Nadu.

Clinical Profile and Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis.

Introduction: Several months into the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there remains a paucity of data on the behavior of the disease in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Here, we describe the clinical presentations, biochemical profile, and outcomes of 183 such patients from a large tertiary-care center in South India.

Materials And Methods: This prospective, observational study, included all patients with COVID-19 and ESKD who received at least one session of hemodialysis at our center, from the start of the outbreak to July 9, 2020.

A clinical study on the changing dynamics of disease severity, management strategies and outcomes of COVID-19 in patients requiring haemodialysis.

Introduction: In this observational study, we describe the change in the clinical profile and outcome of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) over the course of the outbreak, among patients requiring dialysis, including chronic haemodialysis therapy.

Methods: This is a single-centre prospective observational study of patients with COVID-19 (as confirmed by RT-PCR) and renal failure requiring haemodialysis. Their clinical profiles and outcomes were analysed, vis-à-vis the changing disease severity.

Use of Remdesivir in Patients With COVID-19 on Hemodialysis: A Study of Safety and Tolerance.

Background: There are scarce data regarding the use of remdesivir in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and end-stage renal disease as US Food and Drug Administration cautions against its use in patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 ml/min/1.73m unless the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks. We studied the compassionate use and safety profile of remdesivir in patients with end-stage renal disease and moderate to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Hansen's disease with lepra reaction presenting with IgA dominant infection related glomerulonephritis.

Various renal abnormalities in leprosy have been described largely in literature but the occurrence of IgA dominant infection related glomerulonephritis in leprosy with type 2 lepra reaction has not been reported so far. We present here a 60-year-old man with a history of leprosy in the past admitted with type 2 lepra reaction, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with severe renal failure requiring dialysis and diagnosed to have IgA dominant infection related glomerulonephritis.

Smokeless Tobacco Products (STPs) Harbour Bacterial Populations with Potential for Oral Carcinogenicity.

Introduction: Smokeless Tobacco Products (STPs) vary significantly in their carcinogenicity, a feature accredited to the variation in the concentrations of carcinogenic chemicals. Tobacco associated bacteria are known to produce Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNAs) and hence are determinants of TSNA levels in Tobacco. The primary objective of this study was to conduct a microbiological survey of STPs and to provide a baseline information of the bacterial communities present in the STPs.

Dentin degradonomics - The potential role of salivary MMP-8 in dentin caries.

Background: Dentin caries involves dissolution of minerals which eventually leads to degradation of organic matrix. This degradation which was thought to be by bacterial proteases is now considered to be orchestrated by endogenous collagenases such as Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs). This paper aims to estimate the salivary levels of MMP-8 in dental caries and also to asses the various risk factors that contribute to the formation of dental caries.

Evaluation of antimicrobial properties of and extracts on , species and : An study.

Introduction: The Ayurvedic system of medicine is popular in India and has gone through various change and remains as the mainstay of medical relief to a large population. Dental caries is the one of the major issue in the recent time, and there is no definite caries prevention method so far apart from Topical fluoride application, regular oral hygiene measures, pit and fissure sealants and diet measure. In spite of the above mentioned preventive measures the people are still prone to dental caries.

Diagnostic Utility of Cytology in Assessment of Ploidy Status in Potentially Malignant Oral Disorders.

Introduction: Oral leukoplakia, the most common potentially malignant oral disorder (PMOD) may progress to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Although, the current standard of care for assessing its malignant potential remains histological examination and assessing the severity of dysplasia, DNA ploidy analysis has been suggested as a surrogate marker to predict the behaviour of PMODs.

Objectives: To detect aneuploidy and to correlate ploidy status with different grades of dysplasia in both tissue and cytology samples to predict the behaviour of these potentially malignant disorders and to assess the diagnostic utility of cytology samples for ploidy analysis.

Proliferative Glomerulonephritis with Monoclonal IgG Deposits.

Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal IgG deposits (PGNMID) is a recently described disorder that belongs to the class of monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance with the incidence of 0.17%. Monoclonal IgG deposits in glomeruli can produce a proliferative glomerulonephritis that mimics immune-complex mediated glomerulonephritis by light microscopy (LM) and electron microscopy (EM).

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Myasthenia Gravis: A Rare Association.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and myasthenia gravis (MG) are two autoimmune diseases that have a higher incidence in young females, relapsing-remitting course, and positive antinuclear antibodies. SLE and MG are two different clinical syndromes, which can coexist or precede each other; however, their occurrence in the same patient is rare. We report a 38-year-old female with biopsy-proven lupus nephritis on steroids and cyclophosphamide, later developed MG.

Spectrum of Hypokalemic Paralysis from a Tertiary Care Center in India.

Hypokalemic paralysis is an important and reversible cause of acute flaccid paralysis. The treating physician faces unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We did a prospective study and included all patients with acute flaccid weakness and documented serum potassium of <3.

Crescentic infection related glomerulonephritis in adult and its outcome.

The epidemiology of infection-related glomerulonephritis (IRGN) is changing in recent times both in developed and developing nations. Although published studies showed renal outcome in adult IRGN was not as benign as in children, literature regarding clinical profile and outcome of crescentic form of adult IRGN is scarce; hence, we aimed to study the clinical profile of crescentic IRGN. We conducted a retrospective observational study in patients with crescentic IRGN in adults at the Department of Nephrology, Madras medical college, Chennai between 2009 and 2014.

Clinical profile and outcome of pigment-induced nephropathy.

Background: Pigment nephropathy represents one of the most severe complications of rhabdomyolysis or hemolysis.

Methods: We performed a retrospective observational study to analyze the etiology, clinical manifestation, laboratory profile and outcome in patients with biopsy-proven pigment-induced nephropathy between January 2011 and December 2016. History, clinical examination findings, laboratory investigations and outcome were recorded.

Collapsing Glomerulopathy and Thrombotic Microangiopathy in Postpartum Period: Two Case Reports.

Collapsing glomerulopathy (CG) is a distinct histopathologic pattern of glomerular injury characterized by global/segmental wrinkling of the glomerular basement membrane with podocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy along with tubulointerstitial changes. There is no specific treatment for CG due to etiological heterogeneity, and newer insights into the pathogenesis may lead to the development of targeted therapy. The most common form of CG is the primary or idiopathic followed by secondary (due to viral infections, autoimmune disease, drugs, etc.

Unusual cause of crystalline nephropathy.

Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency is a rare, inherited autosomal recessive disease presenting with 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (DHA) urolithiasis, DHA nephropathy, and chronic kidney disease. The presence of DHA crystals in urine and renal biopsy is pathognomonic of the disease. We report a 23-year-old female with acute renal failure and nephrotic proteinuria.