Evaluation of ACS-NSQIP and CR-POSSUM risk calculators for the prediction of mortality after colorectal surgery: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Several risk calculating tools have been introduced into clinical practice to provide patients and clinicians with objective, individualised estimates of procedure-related unfavourable outcomes. The currently available risk calculators (RCs) have been developed by well-endowed health systems in Europe and the USA. Applicability of these RCs in low-middle income country (LMIC) settings with wide disparities in patient population, surgical practice and healthcare infrastructure has not been adequately examined.

Solid Pseudopapillary Tumor of Pancreas with Sinistral Portal Hypertension: A Rare Presentation.

An elderly male presented with complaint of dull aching pain in left upper abdomen of 2 months' duration. He was well built, and on abdominal examination, a large lump was palpable in left lumbar region. His biochemical, hematological parameters and tumor markers including CA 19.

Current Oncologic Standards for Surgery of Small Bowel Cancers.

Purpose: The last 2 decades has witnessed efforts towards standardization of surgery for small bowel cancers. The proposed recent guidelines/recommendations pertaining to choice of procedure and extent of lymphadenectomy are based on analysis of data from high volume centres of excellence. We evaluated whether these recently proposed oncologic recommendations can be replicated in the setting of single centre/team.

Derivation of oocyte-like cells from putative embryonic stem cells and parthenogenetically activated into blastocysts in goat.

Germ cells are responsible for the propagation of live animals from generation to generation, but to surprise, a steep increase in infertile problems among livestock poses great threat for economic development of human race. An alternative and robust approach is essential to combat these ailments. Here, we demonstrate that goat putative embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were successfully in vitro differentiated into primordial germ cells and oocyte-like cells using bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) and trans-retinoic acid (RA).

Diverse Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Develop Macrophage-Induced Rifampin Tolerance.

The Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineage 4 strains CDC1551 and H37Rv develop tolerance to multiple antibiotics upon macrophage residence. To determine whether macrophage-induced tolerance is a general feature of clinical M. tuberculosis isolates, we assessed macrophage-induced drug tolerance in strains from lineages 1-3, representing the other predominant M.

Outcomes of Emergency Laparotomy (EL) Care Protocol at Tertiary Care Center from Low-Middle-Income Country (LMIC).

Background: Emergency laparotomy mortality ranges between 10 and 20% in best of Western healthcare systems and is currently a major focus for quality improvement programs. In contrast, emergency surgery scenario in LMIC is largely undefined, often neglected and complex (large burden of diseases but only limited capacity for adequate treatment). We evaluated the efficacy of 'EL care protocol' aimed at cost-effective optimal utilization of best available local expertise and infrastructure.

Management of Giant Gastric Ulcer Perforation: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature.

Giant gastric ulcer (GGU) is defined as an ulcer more than 3 cm in diameter. Now infrequent in clinical practice, in the pre-H2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) era, the incidence of GGU varied between 12 and 24% of all gastric ulcers. Proton pump inhibitors reportedly achieve better healing rates and symptom relief in comparison to H2RA.

Molecular cloning and production of caprine recombinant Oct4 protein for generation induced pluripotent stem cells.

Oct4, pluripotency marker and transcription factor, expresses in embryonic stem cells. It plays a pivotal role in determination of stem cells fate. Up and down regulation of Oct4 causes differentiation of embryonic stem cells.

Molecular cloning, sequence characterization and recombinant expression of Nanog gene in goat fibroblast cells using lentiviral based expression system.

Nanog is a homeodomain containing protein which plays important roles in regulation of signaling pathways for maintenance and induction of pluripotency in stem cells. Because of its unique expression in stem cells it is also regarded as pluripotency marker. In this study goat Nanog (gNanog) gene has been amplified, cloned and characterized at sequence level with successful over-expression in CHO-K1 cell line using a lentiviral based system.

Generation of parthenogenetic goat blastocysts: effects of different activation methods and culture media.

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of different activation methods and culture media on the in vitro development of parthenogenetic goat blastocysts. Calcium (Ca2+) ionophore, ethanol or a combination of the two, used as activating reagents, and embryo development medium (EDM), modified Charles Rosenkrans (mCR2a) medium and research vitro cleave (RVCL) medium were used to evaluate the developmental competence of goat blastocysts. Quantitative expression of apoptosis, stress and developmental competence-related genes were analysed in different stages of embryos.

Resveratrol treatment during goat oocytes maturation enhances developmental competence of parthenogenetic and hand-made cloned blastocysts by modulating intracellular glutathione level and embryonic gene expression.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to determine whether supplementation of resveratrol, a stilbenoid antioxidant with therapeutic significance, influences goat (Capra hircus) oocyte maturation and subsequent embryonic development and expression of apoptosis and early embryonic development-related genes.

Methods: Five different concentrations of resveratrol (0.1, 0.

Is isolated Roux loop pancreaticojejunostomy superior to conventional reconstruction in pancreaticoduodenectomy?

Objectives: Pancreatic fistula (PF) predicts mortality and morbidity in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). This study aimed to assess whether isolated Roux loop pancreaticojejunostomy (IPJ) is superior to conventional pancreaticojejunostomy (CPJ).

Methods: Between September 2003 and July 2007, we performed 108 PDs.

Isolated loop pancreatic remnant drainage following pancreaticoduodenal resection.

Background/aims: Using technology-intensive postoperative critical care, interventional radiology and consequent better management of pancreaticojejunal anastomosis (PJA) leaks, the perioperative mortality of pancreaticoduodenal resection (PDR) at high volume Western centers ranges from 1-5%. Facilities for such sophisticated care are not available in most hospitals in the developing world. We hypothesized that by using an isolated Roux loop for the PJA to minimize the consequences of a leak, it might be feasible to perform PDR with comparable results.

Transabdominal gastroesophageal devascularization without transection for bleeding varices: results and indicators of prognosis.

Background: Esophagogastric devascularization is an operation that can be performed for endoscopically uncontrolled variceal bleeding in hospitals having only basic surgical instruments and is therefore an appropriate procedure for small hospitals in developing countries. The aim of this study was to analyze one hospital's experience of this operation in consecutive patients with variceal bleeding.

Methods: Between 1996 and 2003, 45 patients (30 male, 15 female) who had a mean age of 40 years (range 7-78 years) underwent devascularization procedures.

Current role of portosystemic shunt surgery in the management of hepatic venous outflow obstruction.

Background: Hepatic venous outflow obstruction (HVOO) is a rare disorder that occurs predominantly due to a hypercoagulable state. The syndrome may result from hepatic vein obstruction, inferior vena cava obstruction or a combination of both and manifests with post-sinusoidal portal hypertension. The presentation may be fulminant with poor prognosis or as either acute, subacute or chronic forms with relatively better prognosis.