Double facial talons on maxillary incisor-A rare case report and new proposed classification system.

Background: Double facial talon's cusp is a rare developmental anomaly affecting the deciduous or/and permanent dentition. The major complications associated with facial talons of maxillary incisors include poor esthetic appearance with increased susceptibility to caries and, sometimes, even soft tissue irritation, thereby needing early detection and precise management.

Case Report: We report a case of a 10 year-old female patient with a large double talon's cusp on the permanent left maxillary central incisor who presented with issues of soft tissue irritation and esthetic concern.

Novel Viewpoints on Tobacco Smoking and COVID-19.

We read with great interest an article by Karanasos et al. titled "Impact of smoking status on disease severity and mortality of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis". It is inferred that there is an adverse impact of smoking on disease severity and mortality of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, which is more pronounced in younger patients without diabetes.

Systematic review of the prevalence of current smoking among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in China: could nicotine be a therapeutic option?: Comment.

This is a comment on the low prevalence of smokers in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, citing the possible role of squamous cell metaplasia, which is commonly associated with smokers.

Evaluation of glutathione peroxidase in the blood and tumor tissue of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.

Aims And Objectives: The lowered antioxidant capacity and the oxidant-antioxidant imbalance have been considered to play a role in multistage carcinogenesis. The deleterious effects produced by reactive oxygen species depend on the imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant status in the body, so this study is aimed to evaluate the levels of antioxidant enzyme, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), in the blood and tumor tissues of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients in comparison with healthy controls.

Materials And Methods: The study comprised of 38 participants divided into two groups.

Recurrent chemical meningitis in craniopharyngioma without reduction in size of cyst: case report of two cases and review of the literature.

Chemical meningitis is a rare phenomenon due to rupture of a craniopharyngioma cyst; it develops because of presence of cholesterol crystals in cyst fluid secreted by the squamous epithelium lining of the cyst. Spontaneous rupture of the cyst may present with or without meningitis, depending upon the cholesterol contents of cystic fluid of tumor. A decrease in the size of cyst may or may not be noted.

Aneurysmal bone cyst of clivus and C1 C2: case report and review of literature.

Aneurysmal bone cyst are benign rapidly expanding bone destructive lesions of any bone. They are common in the metaphysis of long bones but 10-30% involve the spine. Cervical region involvement is uncommon.

Early detection of oral cancer: PAP and AgNOR staining in brush biopsies.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of routine Papanicolaou stain (PAP) and Silver stained Nucleolar Organizer Regions (AgNOR) staining in brush biopsies taken from suspected oral lesions for early detection of oral cancer.

Materials And Methods: Brush biopsies were collected from macroscopically suspicious lesions of the oral cavity of 34 patients and 10 normal-aged and sex-matched controls. The numbers of AgNORs were counted in 100 squamous epithelial cell nuclei per slide after silver staining of the smears (Ploton's one-step method).

Spinal epidural lipomatosis: An unusual cause of relapsing and remitting paraparesis.

Epidural lipomatosis is a rare entity to cause spinal cord compression and neurological deficits. This is usually associated with excess of steroids in the body either because of endogenous source as in Cushings disease or exogenous intake as in some diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus, in some endocrinopathies or in morbid obesity. But in some cases no cause has been found.

Bilateral proptosis and bitemporal swelling: A rare manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia.

Background: In Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), malignant clones of immature myeloid cells (primarily blasts) proliferate, replace bone marrow, circulate in blood and invade other tissues. The unique presentation of bilateral proptosis and bilateral temporal swelling in AML is being reported.

Case Report: A 6-year-old girl presented with low-grade fever, progressively increasing bitemporal swelling and bilateral proptosis.

Bilateral thalamic glioma in a 6-year-old child.

Bithalamic gliomas are extremely rare tumors of central nervous system. Although they are usually benign in nature, their outcome is poor because of the involvement of thalamic nuclei and inadequate surgical excision. Surgery is usually done to get tissue for diagnosis.

Os odontoideum with "free-floating" atlantal arch causing C1-2 anterolisthesis and retrolisthesis with cervicomedullary compression.

Background: Os odontoideum (OO) with C1-2 anterolisthesis and retrolisthesis may cause cervicomedullary injury both from anterior and posterior aspects. We analyzed fourteen such patients for biomechanical issues, radiological features and management of OO with free-floating atlantal arch and review pertinent literature.

Materials And Methods: Fourteen patients having nonsyndromic, reducible atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) with orthotopic OO were analyzed.

A clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and neuroradiological study of eight patients with central neurocytoma.

Central neurocytomas are low-grade tumors of neuronal origin located in the lateral ventricle that present predominantly with raised intracranial pressure. In this retrospective study, we investigated the clinical, radiological, histopathological and immunohistochemical features of eight patients (seven males and one female; age range 16-61 years; mean=35.1 years) with neurocytoma.