An Observational Dosimetric Study in Definitively Treated Primary Head and Neck Cancers: To Assess the Effect of Weight Loss and Change in Lateral Neck Dimensions on the Difference Between Dose Planned and Received by the Parotid(s) and Correlation with Adaptive Radiation Therapy.

Purpose: The head and neck cancer (HNC) literature is rife with reports of differences in planned versus actual radiation doses to the parotid gland (PG) due to changes in anatomy during the course of radiation therapy. We prospectively studied and quantified changes in planned and delivered doses due to weight loss and changes in lateral neck dimensions.

Methods And Materials: Sixty patients were enrolled in this prospective non-randomized observational study.

Dosimetric comparison of O-ring versus conventional C-arm linear accelerator for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) of head and neck cancer and carcinoma cervix patients.

The objective of this study is dosimetric comparison between the O-ring Halcyon and C-arm Clinac iX linac for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans for head & neck (H&N) cancer and carcinoma cervix patients. Total 60 patients of H&N cancer and carcinoma cervix were enrolled prospectively from March 2021 to March 2023. VMAT plans with 6 MV photons for Halcyon and Clinac iX were generated and compared for each patient by dose volume histogram for planning target volume coverage and organ at risk (OAR) sparing.

A prospective study to assess and quantify the setup errors with cone-beam computed tomography in head-and-neck cancer image-guided radiotherapy treatment.

Introduction: This study was done to quantify the translational setup errors with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) treatment of head-and-neck cancer (HNC) patients.

Aims: The objective was to quantify the setup errors by CBCT.

Methodology: One hundred patients of HNC were enrolled from March 2020 to March 2021 for IGRT treatment.

Ribosomal protein control of hematopoietic stem cell transformation through direct, non-canonical regulation of metabolism.

Unlabelled: We report here that expression of the ribosomal protein, RPL22, is frequently reduced in human myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML); reduced RPL22 expression is associated with worse outcomes. Mice null for Rpl22 display characteristics of an MDS-like syndrome and develop leukemia at an accelerated rate. Rpl22-deficient mice also display enhanced hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and obstructed differentiation potential, which arises not from reduced protein synthesis but from increased expression of the Rpl22 target, ALOX12, an upstream regulator of fatty acid oxidation (FAO).

India's Multi-Sectoral Response to Oxygen Surge Demand during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review.

Oxygen support became one of the rate-limiting steps for medical care during COVID-19 pandemic in India. The primary aim of this study was to appraise the manufacturing, supply, and distribution of medical oxygen during the pandemic. The secondary objectives were to highlight the coordination of various stakeholders to mitigate the oxygen surge and to present a critical analysis of India's response to the emergent situation.

Correlation of the Changing Trends of ScvO, Serum Lactate, Standard Base Excess and Anion Gap in Patients with Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Managed by Early Goal Directed Therapy (EGDT): A Prospective Observational Study.

Background: To observe the correlation of central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO), serum lactate, standard base excess (SBE), and anion gap (AG) in septic and septic shock patients resuscitated with early goal-directed therapy (EGDT).

Materials And Methods: A review was made of 130 severe septic shock patients (15-65 years) according to the consensus conference criteria admitted in intensive care unit. Blood samples were obtained from arterial and central venous line for ScvO serum lactate, SBE, and AG on admission and after achieving all aims of EGDT i.

A novel reassortant avian influenza H4N6 virus isolated from an environmental sample during a surveillance in Maharashtra, India.

Background & Objectives: Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses cause mild clinical illness in domestic birds. Migratory birds are a known reservoir for all subtypes of avian influenza (AI) viruses. The objective of the study was to characterize AI H4N6 virus isolated from an environmental sample during surveillance in Maharashtra, India.

Selection and application of biological safety cabinets in diagnostic and research laboratories with special emphasis on COVID-19.

The ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is a global public health emergency. Adherence to biosafety practices is mandatory to protect the user as well as the environment, while handling infectious agents. A biological safety cabinet (BSC) is the most important equipment used in diagnostic and research laboratories in order to safeguard the product, the person, and the environment.

Occurrence of Dirofilaria immitis in Stray Dogs from Nepal.

Background: Nematodes of the genus Dirofilaria are widespread vector-borne helminths (VBH) of veterinary relevance. Dirofilariosis caused by D. immitis is frequently diagnosed in dogs often showing a severe clinical condition known as heartworm disease.

A randomized prospective study comparing acute toxicity, compliance and objective response rate between simultaneous integrated boost and sequential intensity-modulated radiotherapy for locally advanced head and neck cancer.

Purpose: Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) provides higher dose to target volumes and limits the dose to normal tissues. IMRT may be applied using either simultaneous integrated boost (SIB-IMRT) or sequential boost (SEQ-IMRT) technique. The objectives of this study were to compare acute toxicity and objective response rates between SIB-IMRT and SEQ-IMRT in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer.

Vitamin D levels in paediatric intensive care unit patients and its relation to severity of illness: An Indian experience.

 Vitamin D deficiency is a common disorder that is associated with morbidity and mortality in the general population. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 384 children admitted to paediatric intensive care to determine its prevalence and association with severity of illness and outcome in critically ill children. The severity of illness was evaluated using the paediatric risk of mortality score (PRISM III), on admission, at 24 and 48 h.

Clinical and microbial spectrum of community-acquired pneumonia in children of north India.

We compared the clinical, radiological and microbial profile in children suffering from community-acquired pneumonia in rural populations of north India. A total of 125 such children were divided into two age groups of 2-12 months (Group A) and 13-60 months (Group B). After taking a history and clinical examination, routine investigations including full blood count, blood, urine, and nasopharyngeal swab culture and radiology were performed.

A prospective, comparative analysis of acute toxicity profile between three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in locally advanced head and neck cancer patients.

Introduction: The advances of modern radiotherapy have emerged with the development of conformal radiotherapy techniques, such as the three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). We prospectively compared acute toxicities and treatment-compliance between IMRT and 3DCRT in patients with locally advanced head and neck carcinoma.

Method: 80 patients were enrolled in this comparative prospective non-randomized study.

A hyperendemic focus of porcine cystic echinococcosis in the Banke District of Nepal.

Detailed post mortem analyses of 68 free-ranging, slaughter-age pigs from two sites in the Banke District of Nepal identified 36% as being infected with Echinococcus granulosus. The cysts ranged from infertile, immature cysts a few millimetres in diameter to fertile cysts >10 cm in diameter. PCR RFLP and DNA sequencing identified the cysts as being E.

Accurate diagnosis of lesions suspected of being caused by Taenia solium in body organs of pigs with naturally acquired porcine cysticercosis.

The definitive method for diagnosis of porcine cysticercosis is the detection of cysticerci at necropsy. Cysts are typically located in the striated muscle and brain. Until recently Taenia solium cysticerci have not been definitively identified in other tissue locations, despite several comprehensive investigations having been undertaken which included investigation of body organs other than muscle and brain.

Immunomodulatory effect of Stinging nettle ( and Aloe vera (oe in broiler chickens.

A study was conducted to identify the immunomodulatory effect of Stinging nettle () and Aloe vera (oe ) in broiler chicken. A total of 240 birds were divided into 4 treatment groups with 4 replications in each group, each replication containing 15 birds. Treatments were comprised of no Nettle and Aloe vera (T); Nettle 5% (T), Aloe vera @5 ml/lit drinking water (T) and Nettle 5% and Aloe vera @5 ml/lit drinking water (T).

Sero-prevalence of leptospirosis and differentiation in blood parameters between positive and negative cases in dogs of Kathmandu Valley.

Background: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution. It affects both humans and animals. Dogs may serve as a sentinel as well as a potential carrier for Leptospira infection in human.

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is critical for suppression of cardiac hypertrophy by HS.

Hydrogen Sulfide (HS), recently identified as the third endogenously produced gaseous messenger, is a promising therapeutic prospect for multiple cardio-pathological states, including myocardial hypertrophy. The molecular niche of HS in normal or diseased cardiac cells is, however, sparsely understood. Here, we show that β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) overstimulation, known to produce hypertrophic effects in cardiomyocytes, rapidly decreased endogenous HS levels.

Morphological and Biochemical Characteristics of Avian Faecal Droppings and Their Impact on Survival of Avian Influenza Virus.

Environmental specimens such as faecal droppings are considered important for the detection of avian influenza viruses (AIV). In view of lower rates of AIV isolation from avian faecal droppings, characterization of droppings is imperative to elucidate contributing factors. However, there are no reports on morphological and biochemical characteristics of droppings.

A hyperendemic focus of Taenia solium transmission in the Banke District of Nepal.

Neurocysticercosis is a major cause of epilepsy in countries where Taenia solium is endemic and the parasite is a major cause of food-borne disease globally. Pigs are the natural intermediate host involved in transmission of the parasite. T.

Oncogenes Activate an Autonomous Transcriptional Regulatory Circuit That Drives Glioblastoma.

Efforts to identify and target glioblastoma (GBM) drivers have primarily focused on receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Clinical benefits, however, have been elusive. Here, we identify an SRY-related box 2 (SOX2) transcriptional regulatory network that is independent of upstream RTKs and capable of driving glioma-initiating cells.

Role of preemptive tapentadol in reduction of postoperative analgesic requirements after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Background And Aims: Poorly managed acute postoperative pain may result in prolonged morbidity. Various pharmacotherapies have targeted this, but research on an ideal preemptive analgesic continues, taking into account drug-related side effects. Considering the better tolerability profile of tapentadol, we assessed its role as a preemptive analgesic in the reduction of postoperative analgesic requirements, after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Comparative Effect of Insulin Sensitizers and Statin on Metabolic Profile and Ultrasonographical Score in Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Introduction: Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic disorder involving fat accumulation in the liver. The initial management for patients with NAFLD includes lifestyle modification and weight loss in overweight or obese patients.

Aim: The present study was conducted to compare the efficacy of insulin sensitizers and statin in the patients of NAFLD.