Decoding brain structure to stage Alzheimer's disease pathology in Down syndrome.

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Down syndrome (DS) is associated with changes in brain structure. It is unknown if thickness and volumetric changes can identify AD stages and if they are similar to other genetic forms of AD.

Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging scans were collected for 178 DS adults (106 nonclinical, 45 preclinical, and 27 symptomatic).

Predicting the need for medial augmentation for primary total knee arthroplasty with varus deformity.

Objectives: This study aims to compare the radiographic results with and without postoperative metal augmentation in varus knee patients with primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with a hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle >10° and to determine a cut-off value using radiographic parameters to predict the need for metal augmentation.

Patients And Methods: Between October 2022 and April 2024, a total of 87 knees (51 right and 36 left) of 82 patients (11 males, 71 females; mean age: 68.7±8 years; range, 53 to 86 years) who underwent primary TKA were retrospectively analyzed.

Deep profiling of gene expression across 18 human cancers.

Clinical and biological information in large datasets of gene expression across cancers could be tapped with unsupervised deep learning. However, difficulties associated with biological interpretability and methodological robustness have made this impractical. Here we describe an unsupervised deep-learning framework for the generation of low-dimensional latent spaces for gene-expression data from 50,211 transcriptomes across 18 human cancers.

Impact of Specimen Extraction Site and Gallstone Size on Early Postoperative Pain Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study.

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is widely performed with generally favorable outcomes, but postoperative pain remains a significant issue, influenced by various factors including the specimen extraction site and gallstone size.

Methods: A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted on 100 patients undergoing LC. Participants were randomized to have the specimen removed through either the epigastric or umbilical trocar.

Delayed Burr Hole Evacuation Compared With Acute Craniotomy for Acute Subdural Hematoma in Older Patients With Low-Energy Trauma.

Background Acute subdural hematomas commonly require emergent surgical decompression by craniotomy. There is currently limited research on alternative surgical strategies in the elderly population. This study investigates delayed surgical intervention for stable patients with low-energy trauma presenting with acute subdural hematomas.

Effectiveness of Fan Therapy for the Management of Dyspnea.

Context: In addition to pharmacological approaches, clinicians use nonpharmacological approaches in the management of dyspnea, one of which is fan therapy. It's a simple, cost-effective intervention that patients can easily use independently, without requiring professional support. The field needs further research on the outcomes of fan use.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus remission in sleeve gastrectomy patients: Role of enteroendocrine response and serum citrulline and I-FABP levels.

Introduction: This prospective cohort study examines the relationship between post-sleeve gastrectomy (SG) weight loss and serum citrulline, I-FABP levels, and the I-FABP/citrulline ratio in obese patients, alongside the correlation with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remission.

Methods: 88 participants were enrolled, including 48 undergoing SG and 21 with T2DM. 40 healthy individuals served as controls.

Management of Incidental Carotid Cave Aneurysm.

Background: Incidental diagnosis of saccular aneurysms is more common with the advent of imaging techniques. Because of the severe morbidity and mortality that they can cause, treatment is chased for them, either microsurgical treatment or endovascular, even when they are diagnosed incidentally. Carotid cave aneurysms are rare, and they seem to have a more benign course compared to other intracranial aneurysms, probably related to the physical enveloping effect of the surrounding structures.

Susceptibility-Weighted MRI for Predicting NF-2 Mutations and S100 Protein Expression in Meningiomas.

S100 protein expression levels and neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF-2) mutations result in different disease courses in meningiomas. This study aimed to investigate non-invasive biomarkers of NF-2 copy number loss and S100 protein expression in meningiomas using morphological, radiomics, and deep learning-based features of susceptibility-weighted MRI (SWI). This retrospective study included 99 patients with S100 protein expression data and 92 patients with NF-2 copy number loss information.

A deep profile of gene expression across 18 human cancers.

Clinically and biologically valuable information may reside untapped in large cancer gene expression data sets. Deep unsupervised learning has the potential to extract this information with unprecedented efficacy but has thus far been hampered by a lack of biological interpretability and robustness. Here, we present DeepProfile, a comprehensive framework that addresses current challenges in applying unsupervised deep learning to gene expression profiles.

Variations in the genomic profiles and clinical behavior of meningioma by racial and ethnic group.

Objective: The influence of socioeconomic factors on racial disparities among patients with sporadic meningiomas is well established, yet other potential causative factors warrant further exploration. The authors of this study aimed to determine whether there is significant variation in the genomic profile of meningiomas among patients of different races and ethnicities and its correlation with clinical outcomes.

Methods: The demographic, genomic, and clinical data of patients aged 18 years and older who had undergone surgery for sporadic meningioma between September 2008 and November 2021 were analyzed.

Identification of IDH and TERTp mutations using dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI with deep learning in 162 gliomas.

Purpose: Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and telomerase reverse transcriptase gene promoter (TERTp) mutations play crucial roles in glioma biology. Such genetic information is typically obtained invasively from excised tumor tissue; however, these mutations need to be identified preoperatively for better treatment planning. The relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) information derived from dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI (DSC-MRI) has been demonstrated to correlate with tumor vascularity, functionality, and biology, and might provide some information about the genetic alterations in gliomas before surgery.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopic correlates of progression free and overall survival in "glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype, WHO grade-4".

Background: The 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) Central Nervous System (CNS) Tumor Classification has suggested that isocitrate dehydrogenase wildtype (IDH-wt) WHO grade-2/3 astrocytomas with molecular features of glioblastoma should be designated as "Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype, WHO grade-4." This study analyzed the metabolic correlates of progression free and overall survival in "Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype, WHO grade-4" patients using short echo time single voxel H-MRS.

Methods: Fifty-seven adult patients with hemispheric glioma fulfilling the 2021 WHO CNS Tumor Classification criteria for "Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype, WHO grade-4" at presurgery time point were included.

The clinical and genomic features of seizures in meningiomas.

Meningiomas are the most common central nervous system tumors. Although these tumors are extra-axial, a relatively high proportion (10%-50%) of meningioma patients have seizures that can substantially impact the quality of life. Meningiomas are believed to cause seizures by inducing cortical hyperexcitability that results from mass effect and cortical irritation, brain invasion, or peritumoral brain edema.

Clinical and genomic differences in supratentorial versus infratentorial NF2 mutant meningiomas.

Objective: Mutations in NF2 are the most common somatic driver mutation in sporadic meningiomas. NF2 mutant meningiomas preferentially arise along the cerebral convexities-however, they can also be found in the posterior fossa. The authors investigated whether NF2 mutant meningiomas differ in clinical and genomic features based on their location relative to the tentorium.

Uncovering expression signatures of synergistic drug responses via ensembles of explainable machine-learning models.

Machine learning may aid the choice of optimal combinations of anticancer drugs by explaining the molecular basis of their synergy. By combining accurate models with interpretable insights, explainable machine learning promises to accelerate data-driven cancer pharmacology. However, owing to the highly correlated and high-dimensional nature of transcriptomic data, naively applying current explainable machine-learning strategies to large transcriptomic datasets leads to suboptimal outcomes.

Associating and Mutations in Glioma with Diffusion Anisotropy in Normal-Appearing White Matter.

Background And Purpose: and mutations might infiltratively manifest within normal-appearing white matter with specific phenotypes such as microstructural changes undetectable by standard MR imaging contrasts but potentially associable with DTI variables. The aim of this retrospective glioma study was to statistically investigate and associations and classifications with DTI reported microstructure in normal-appearing white matter.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective data from patients imaged between March 2012 and February 2016 were analyzed by grouping them as - subgroups and by and mutation status.

The relationship between nursing students' compassion competencies and perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care.

Objectives: The present study was conducted to examine the relationship between nursing students' compassion competencies and their perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care.

Methods: The population of the study consisted of nursing students over the age of 18 years who were educated at the nursing faculty of a state university in Turkey between May and June 2022. The study was completed with 263 student nurses.

Surgical strategies for intracranial meningioma in the molecular era.

Introduction: Surgical resection has long been the treatment of choice for meningiomas and is considered curative in many cases. Indeed, the extent of resection (EOR) remains a significant factor in determining disease recurrence and outcome optimization for patients undergoing surgery. Although the Simpson Grading Scale continues to be widely accepted as the measure of EOR and is used to predict symptomatic recurrence, its utility is under increasing scrutiny.

Apical Root Resorption of Endodontically Treated Teeth after Orthodontic Treatment: A Split-mouth Study.

Objective: The influence of pulp status on orthodontically induced root resorption has attracted attention. The purpose of this study was to compare orthodontically induced root resorption in endodontically treated teeth and their contralateral vital teeth in a split-mouth design.

Methods: The sample included 173 patients who had at least one endodontically treated tooth, and their vital contralateral teeth served as the control group before the completion of orthodontic treatment.

Causes of severe infections in patients with systemic sclerosis and associated factors.

Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic systemic disease characterized by vascular damage, autoimmunity, and fibrosis in the skin and internal organs. In this study, we tried to determine the causes of severe infection in patients with SSc and to reveal the factors associated with severe infection.

Methods: We retrospectively examined 214 SSc patients between January 2010 and August 2020.

Rare association of solitary necrotic nodule of the liver with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.

Solitary necrotic nodule of the liver (SNNL) is a rare benign lesion with uncertain etiology characterized by a "completely necrotic core" and a hyalinized capsule containing elastin fibers (Journal of Clinical Pathology 36:1181-1183, 1983). We report herein a 26-year-old woman with a previous diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Sjögren's syndrome and no history of malignancy who presented with a complaint of diarrhea of 1-year duration. In the abdominal ultrasound, multiple paraaortic, portocaval, and ileal lymphadenopathies (LAPs) have been found with the largest one being 2 cm in size.

Diffuse Leptomeningeal Glioneuronal Tumors: A Case Series of Five Patients with Parenchymal Forms and an Analysis of the Diagnostic Challenges, Treatment Options and Outcomes.

Background: Diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumors (DL-GNT) are rare glioneuronal neoplasms with oligodendroglioma-like cells. These tumors can present as a dominant intracranial mass or as a solitary spinal cord mass without leptomeningeal involvement. In this study, we aimed to determine the magnetic resonance imaging and histopathological features, treatment modalities, and clinical outcomes of the parenchymal forms of DL-GNTs.