Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Ovary: A Rare Case.

Ovarian squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare entity among primary ovarian cancers. This type of cancer typically originates from the transformation of mature cystic teratomas, commonly known as dermoid cysts, and occasionally from associations with endometriosis or Brenner's tumors. The typical clinical scenario involves presentation in postmenopausal women, with symptoms arising from tumor growth or metastasis.

Obstetricians and midwives perspective of the alarming high cesarean section rates in Greece and worldwide.

Introduction: This study aimed to outline the perspectives of obstetricians/gynecologists (physicians) and midwives regarding the alarmingly high rates of cesarean sections (CSs) to identify areas for improvement and describe the role of a regional obstetric quality initiative.

Material And Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed utilizing real-world data from questionaries provided to Greek midwives and obstetricians. Primary outcomes included the attitudes of Greek physicians and midwives toward the CS rates in Greece and around the world, as well as identifying potential solutions for lowering these rates.

Safety of COVID-19 Vaccination in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review.

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant risks to pregnant women and those recently pregnant, leading to heightened mortality and morbidity rates. Vaccination has emerged as a pivotal strategy in reducing COVID-19-related deaths and illnesses worldwide. However, the initial exclusion of pregnant individuals from most clinical trials raised concerns about vaccine safety in this population, contributing to vaccine hesitancy.

The Diagnostic Accuracy of Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy-Assisted Colposcopy, HPV mRNA Test, and P16/Ki67 Immunostaining as CIN2+ Predictors in Greek Population.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)-assisted colposcopy in detecting CIN2+ Greek women towards standalone colposcopy, HPV mRNA testing, and p16/Ki67 immunostaining.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study at the Cervical Pathology Clinic of the 2nd Obstetrics-Gynecology University Department of Hippokration Hospital Thessaloniki involving 316 patients from January 2022 to August 2023. All participants provided liquid-based cervical samples for cytology, HPV mRNA testing, and p16/Ki67 immunostaining.

Vaginal Microbiome and Pregnancy Complications: A Review.

There are indications that the microbial composition of the maternal mucosal surfaces is associated with adverse events during pregnancy. The aim of this review is to investigate the link between vaginal microbiome alterations and gestational complication risk. This comprehensive literature review was performed using Medline and Scopus databases.

Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Molecular Subtype-Specific Immune Landscapes with Therapeutic Implications.

Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is characterized by distinct molecular subtypes with unique biological and clinical features. This systematic review aimed to identify articles examining the differences in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) across different TNBC molecular subtypes. Six studies meeting inclusion criteria were analyzed, utilizing gene expression profiling and bioinformatic analyses to classify TNBC samples into molecular subtypes, as well as immunohistochemistry and cell deconvolution methods to characterize the TIME.

Increased Complement Activation and Decreased ADAMTS13 Activity Are Associated with Genetic Susceptibility in Patients with Preeclampsia/HELLP Syndrome Compared to Healthy Pregnancies: An Observational Case-Controlled Study.

Preeclampsia is a progressive multi-systemic disorder characterized by proteinuria, critical organ damage, and new-onset hypertension. It can be further complicated by HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets), resulting in critical liver or renal damage, disseminated coagulation, and grand mal seizures. This study aimed to examine the involvement of ADAMTS13, von Willebrand, and the complement system in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia/HELLP syndrome.

Prophylactic Antibiotics before Gynecologic Surgery: A Comprehensive Review of Guidelines.

Surgical site infections (SSIs) refer to infections in the incision, organ, or postoperative space. As common healthcare-associated infections, SSIs correlate with prolonged hospital stay, additional procedures, ICU stay, and higher mortality rates. Around 8-10% of gynecologic surgery patients may experience infectious complications, influenced by microbial contamination, surgical nature, and patient factors.

Clinical significance and main parameters promoting the breast‑feeding strategy (Review).

Breastfeeding provides numerous nutritional and immunological benefits, promotes neurological and cognitive development, and protects against chronic and infectious diseases, rendering it beneficial to the survival and well-being of infants. According to international recommendations, infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months. However, despite global health recommendations and funding initiatives, exclusive breastfeeding rates remain low worldwide.

Sentinel Lymph Node Staging in Early-Stage Cervical Cancer: A Comprehensive Review.

Cervical cancer (CC) continues to be a significant global public health concern, even with preventive measures in place. In women with early-stage CC, the status of lymph nodes is of paramount importance, not only for the final prognosis but also for determining the best therapeutic strategy. According to main international guidelines, pelvic full lymphadenectomy (PLND) is recommended for lymph node staging.

Human papillomaviruses and breast cancer: A systematic review and meta‑analysis.

Breast cancer (BC) is the leading malignancy worldwide. The association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and BC is debatable. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence of HPV DNA in malignant breast tumors.

Mixed High-Risk Endometrial Carcinoma Initially Presented With Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASC-US) Cytology: Lessons to Be Learned.

Endometrial carcinoma represents the most common gynecologic malignancy, affecting mainly postmenopausal women. Early detection and proper management may allow not only a successful treatment but also an acceptable quality of life. Although its usual clinical manifestations, such as vaginal bleeding or a mass stuck out of the cervix, often arouse medical concern, in some cases, there is a dilemma regarding the differential diagnosis of endocervical cancer.

Uterine Arteries Resistance in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, and Uncomplicated Pregnancies.

Background: The examination of the uterine arteries using Doppler in the first trimester of pregnancy serves as a valuable tool for evaluating the uteroplacental circulation. Diabetes mellitus is associated with altered placental implantation and pregnancy-related pathologies, such as preeclampsia. The aim of this study was to compare the uterine arteries' pulsatility indices (UtA PI) in women with diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1), diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and uncomplicated pregnancies.

Sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer during pregnancy: A comprehensive update.

Background: Pregnant patients diagnosed with breast cancer (PrBC) may receive substantially different treatments compared to general population, considering that certain treatment options cannot be applied during pregnancy due to their potential harmful effects to the foetus. Regarding the use of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in pregnant patients, potential concerns include foetal harm from radiation exposure, possible teratogenic effects of blue dyes and maternal anaphylaxis to isosulfan.

Objective: The main objective of the present systematic review is to summarize and present current knowledge and up-to-date evidence about the safety and efficacy of SLNB in PABC.

Pregnancy outcomes in the different phenotypes of gestational diabetes mellitus based on the oral glucose tolerance test. A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: To assess the prevalence variation in pregnancy outcomes of the different phenotypes of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Materials: Cohort, cross sectional and case control studies grouping together pregnant women with GDM, based on the results of oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) and reporting pregnancy outcomes in each group, were included. The primary outcomes were (i)large for gestational age and ii)hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP).

HIPEC for gynaecological malignancies: A last update (Review).

Advanced-stage gynaecological cancer represents a clinical entity with challenging surgical treatment in an effort to optimize prognosis. Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) following cytoreductive surgery (CRS) has been reported as a method potentially eligible to improve prognosis. However, no definitive conclusions have yet been made on which types of cancer and which context HIPEC may actually have a beneficial impact.

Effect of mode of delivery on perinatal outcome in severe preterm birth: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To review the evidence on the effect of mode of delivery on perinatal outcome of fetuses born before 32 weeks' gestation.

Methods: MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), the ClinicalTrials.gov registry and gray literature sources were searched, starting from the year 2000 to reflect contemporary practice in perinatal care.

Therapeutic Management and Prognostic Factors for Ovarian Malignant Tumours in Adolescents: A Comprehensive Review of Current Guidelines.

Ovarian malignant tumours are rarely diagnosed in adolescents but may have a significant impact on their survival, future fertility and quality of life. The management of such cases is rather complex and requires expertise and careful planning according to scarce existing evidence and recommendations. The aim of this study was to review and compare recommendations from published guidelines regarding the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of malignant ovarian tumours in adolescents.

Breast Carcinogenesis during Pregnancy: Molecular Mechanisms, Maternal and Fetal Adverse Outcomes.

Breast cancer is a common type of cancer diagnosed during pregnancy, with increasing incidence over the last years, as more women choose to delay childbearing. Compared to breast cancer in general population, pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) is significantly different in its terms of epidemiology, diagnostic and therapeutic management, while it exhibits particularly aggressive behavior, deriving from its unique molecular and biological profile. Although not fully elucidated, the pathophysiological basis of PABC can be traced back to a combination of hormonal and immune changes during pregnancy, breast involution and altered gene expression.

Evaluating the potential role of human papilloma virus infection in breast carcinogenesis via real-time polymerase chain reaction analyzes of breast fine needle aspiration samples from Greek patients.

Background: Human papilloma virus (HPV), in addition to its known clinical contribution to cervical cancer is probably actively involved in the development of breast tumors in various populations worldwide. Predominant HPV types in breast cancer patients vary geographically. The present study further examines HPV incidence in Greece, based on molecular analysis of clinical cytological samples.

Sarcoma Botryoides: Optimal Therapeutic Management and Prognosis of an Unfavorable Malignant Neoplasm of Female Children.

Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) is a rare malignancy and occurs primarily in the first two decades of life. Botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma is an aggressive subtype of ERMS that often manifests in the genital tract of female infants and children. Due to its rarity, the optimal treatment approach has been a matter of debate.